Child Day Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 213 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Society Essay Type Report Level High school Tags: Children Essay Student Essay Did you like this example? Child day care is an essential resource for parenting students. Quality and reliable daycare services allows students to further with their college education and graduate successfully. Excelling in education enables the students to acquire a quality economic life in which they can provide for their children, community, families and contribute to the development of the nations economy. The anticipated child daycare center will be constructed at Baker College of Allen Park, building B room 107. The daycare will provide care for students toddlers and children that attend Bakers College. The establishment, construction, and operation of the daycare will require much capital and thus eligible for substantial funding. Therefore, various funding sources can help maneuver the challenge. Federal financing sources Child Care and Development Funds that constitute the primary national program that deals with children care services and quality. Child and Adult Care Food Programs that is managed by United States Department of agriculture. USDA Special Milk Program- it will cater for toddlers milk costs Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. Individuals with Disability Education Act Grants Perkins Grants finances academic support operations State financing sources Michigans Targeted State Higher Education Funding for Campus Prekindergarten funding State Child Care Funding Child and Dependent Care Tax Credits Other financial sources Baker College financial support Donations from charities Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Child Day Care" essay for you Create order

Globalization Of Dreams And Its Effects On Dreams

Globalization of Dreams The focus of this study is to continue previous research relating the significance of cultures and dreams. These studies have set out to show what how much of an effect culture has on dreams. To measure this, other researchers have recorded participants’ typical dreams. These studies have helped us to understand some of the differences in beliefs, values, and structure of other cultures as well as the differences and similarities. Through analyzing the differences and similarities of our various cultures we learn what humans share in values as a whole and how our society influences our thinking and actions. By interviewing two people from two different collectivistic cultures, there should be a great deal of similarities between the two. Any differences recorded found will be derived from individual perspectives rather than culture. The goal of the research is to show culture doesn’t heavily influence our dreams but rather individual perceptions of the world around the m do. There isn’t a significant difference in typical dreams between cultures, rather researchers tend to agree that culture doesn’t have much of an effect on dreams and it has more to do with our individual perception of our day (Jaenicke 2009). In Griffith, Miyago, and Tago’s (1958) study of The Universality of Typical Dreams: Japanese vs. Americans, statistics showed â€Å"out of the 34 typical dreams compared between the two, 14 held a significant difference of a .01 confidenceShow MoreRelatedUnited States Immigrations Impact on the Economy Essay605 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way globalization has improved and affect our economy. This country was first establish by all the immigrates who came here in hopes of better futures but many have forgotten their roots and how they became a member of this nation. Globalization, which is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as the development of an increasingly global and economy marked by the free trade. The two terms have a lot in common since one affects the other and vice-versa. Immigration and Globalization have significantlyRead MoreEssay about Street Dreams and Hip Hop Barber Shops Critique1169 Words   |  5 Pagesethnographic research on popular culture, hangin g out in barbershops and bus stands, seamstress tables and video halls, was carried out in the northern Tanzanian city of Arusha. In â€Å"Street Dreams and Hip Hop Barber Shops† Weiss does a great job observing the everyday life of the people in Arusha. He explores how globalization and neoliberalism affect the mindset of a community and shows the reader how gender role, media, and self-fashioning can play a big role in a person life. Weiss’s fieldwork and observationRead MoreGlobalization: America Must Adapt Or Die Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagescountries, mind-boggling innovations, and the reinforcement of communication infrastructures. After reading The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman, I feel that we are extremely lucky to have the chance to be a part of this unique era in human history. Globalization is a main cause for the convergence that is bringing the nations of the world together more and more every year. In a very short period of time, borders, walls, and tariffs have been, and continue to, fall all around us. This is a special timeRead MoreGlobalization And Corporate Expansion Of American Companies915 Words   |  4 PagesThe globalization and corporate expansion of American companies has promoted inequality in the United States and the world, largely through means defined to be inhumane. Corporate America has embraced a ‘hands-free’ method of globalization. By both outsourcing labor and targeting more consumer groups, especially those yearning for the American Dream, corporate America has successfully increased profits. Almost everyone on earth is feeling the negative effects of corporate America’s actions. By outsourcingRead MoreDavid Kortens The Physics Of Business Administration1385 Words   |  6 PagesKorten published When Corporations Rule the World in 1995. When Corporations Rule the World gave readers his perspective of anti-globalization, which was a passion for David Korten. His primary idea was that business enterprises were manipulating the conclusion of the world s economic and social involvement from this process of globalization. His sentiment about globalization directs politics, society, and environment in a negative direction for the human involvement. Korten states that multinationalRead MoreGlobalization Advantages and Disadvantages695 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Is Globalization? Globalization means increasing the interdependence, connectivity and integration on a global level with respect to the social, cultural, political, technological, economic and ecological levels. Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on politicalRead MoreGlobalization : Positive And Negative Impact On The World909 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve globalization is somewhere in between of having a positive or negative impact on the world. Just like the old saying â€Å"too much of a good thing can be bad for you† the key to everything in life is balance and excess might harm you. Furthermore, both sides of globalization have compelling arguments on the positive and negative effects of globalization, furthermore different countries and cultures would have different opinions in regards to how they have been affected by globalization. In thisRead MoreNegative Effects of Globalization677 Words   |  3 Pages Globalization refers to the absence of barriers that every country had. Yes, it has helped to demolish the walls that separated us .Globalization, which is the process of growing interdependence among every country in this planet, can be seen as a sign of hopeful and better future by some, but for others it represents a huge disaster for the whole world. That’s why we are going to see the negative effect that globalization has on culture then focus on the ethical disadvantage it broughtRead MoreDomestic And Foreign Economic Policy1646 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question: The way states interact with each other effects not only their domestic economy but the global economy. What is the best method for states to approach the global market; should states accept the capitalist free market or utilize different models that are out there? Purpose Statement: The way that states approach the global market is very different from each other. Most of the biggest and successful economies in the world utilize similar economic models when addressing theRead MoreAnalysis of Capital, inequality and injustice in Latin America, by Richard L. Harris817 Words   |  4 Pagesworld are blamed on one word, globalization, but it takes several words to fix the ongoing problem of globalization and its affects. The capital and injustice in Latin America has shown to be one of the reasons for such concern of the extent globalization has taken with the lack of correspondence of human rights. Urbanization has expanded to this extent at the exploitation of the indigenous peoples human rights. The affect of modernizing countries (globalization) is thought to be a main contributor

Virtualization and Cloud Computing Various Technologies

Question: Discuss about the Virtualization and Cloud Computing for Various Technologies. Answer: Introduction Firms in different fields can harness and take advantage of virtualization and its various technologies and models to improve efficiency and lower costs while also achieving economies of scale. Virtual entails the creation of a virtual version of something, rather than have an actual thing, for instance, a virtual computer, a virtual server, a virtual network, and a virtual operating system. However, to fully benefit from the benefits that virtualization offers, it is imperative to have an understanding of virtualization and its various models, applications, and services, especially for firms whose IT knowledge is limited. An example is the case of ACL Realty, a real estate firm which runs a small data center with old physical servers that need to be retired. Instead of purchasing new servers, there is the possibility of using virtualization, which has several benefits, including saving costs, time and energy as well as reducing th headache of managing desktop and other hardware mana gement. This paper discusses and explains some relevant terms and technologies related to virtualization that will greatly enhance ACL Realty. Virtualization is important for a data center because it enables consolidation; where there can be ten virtual machines for every physical machine. This implies that a single machine can run ten server applications that would otherwise require ten physical machines, optimizing the utilization of servers significantly. With such a setup, the data center foot print is reduced because the same physical space and only marginally higher energy resources are consumed, resulting in increased productivity. Virtualization also plays the role of disaster recovery and load balancing within a data center; since workloads for servers vary, virtualization makes it possible for virtual machines over utilizing server resources to be transferred, in real time, to servers that are under-utilized resulting in efficient server utilization (Christensen, 2012). Virtualization also ensures improved security and system reliability as it prevents system crashes such as due to corruption of memories due to so ftware applications like device drivers. System devices are better controlled through virtualization technology for directed input/ output devices architecture; the DMA (dynamic memory addressing) architecture is defined and interrupts re-mapped resulting in better input/ output devices isolation. The result is greater security, reliability, and availability (Burger, 2012) Virtualization should be a major component of every organizations IT strategy since it plays a very important role in the data center environment. Virtualization enables fast re-deployment, which can occur within minutes because it is always ready, has a ready server image, and has the most current copy of the data center physical servers. It helps lower data center costs, given that hardware is the biggest cost center for a data center; further, it enables significant energy savings due to less heat buildup in the data center. Virtualization allows for easier backups of the virtual server while also allowing for taking virtual machines snapshots. Virtualization enables better disaster recovery because up to date virtual machine snapshots are available; this allows a data center to get back and running in no time. Virtualization eliminates the need for vendor lock-in because there is abstraction between the hardware and software as the virtual machines are not specific hardware depen dent. Migration to the cloud with virtualization is also easy and enables better testing (Geng, 2015) Data centers no doubt has benefits that have been experienced in real life; The Motley Fool, an on-line financial services company faced the challenge of overcrowding in its data centers having used all the available space in its data center to meet increasing consumer demand. Among the adverse effects included overheating and increased energy consumption, and a severely hampered capability to offer more computing capability for their work. The company solved the problem using virtualization and reaped several benefits, among them fast deployment, reduced power consumption and air conditioning needs, higher capacity through adding more virtual machines, and the ability to run multiple applications in fewer servers, greatly reducing the time between requests and IT response (International Computers, 2017), (Baghel, 2017) Efficient VMs must not use too much space when applications are installed in them; this requires turning off some functionalities in operating systems, such as system protection in windows 7, install software form locations other than on the virtual machines, and avoid taking VM snapshots during installation. The VM new images should be in multiple pieces of 2 GB and virtual drive space should not be pre allocated (Hardy, 2014). Efficient VMs use virtual appliances as they allow quick spinning of a full blown server with a specific utilization in mind; such appliances include group ware servers and production ready CMS. When being used on a network, the networking should be set to bridged mode for each VM and this is only possible manually. The VM should have sufficient memory on the host in order to run efficiently in such a way that the host and guest machines have sufficient memory to run properly. To roll back a VM, snapshots should be used to take it to a previous state. The first step requires that the VM is shut down and the VM should then be shared and then a location for the shared VM is chosen from the available options. The VM should then be set to auto start as this is a key function of any physical server; it must detect that power is back and then automatically turn on (Al-Dabbas, 2012). When using VMWare and/ or VirtualBox, VMs are created with the NAT by default, running a server in a VM requires that the network type (NAT) is either changed or the ports forwarded via the virtual NAT. In the NAT network type, network address translation is done by the host OS (operating system) so the host computers address is shared with the VM and so the VM will not receive incoming traffic. The solution is using an abridged network mode which makes the VM appear as a separate machine within the network and have its own address. Standard procedures such as ensuring sufficient memory (RAM) and partitioning are standard before using a VM as a server. The n etwork type for any VM can be changed by right clicking the machine and choosing settings; the changes can be made only after powering off the VM A virtual appliance refers to a pre-configured VM image that is ready to be run on the hypervisor. A virtual appliance is a subset of the broader appliances class of software. The VM has a preconfigured operating system environment plus a single application created to make it easy for an application to be delivered and operated. A vApp, on the other hand, refers to a container resource pool in which one or more VMs can be contained. The vApp shares some forms of functionality with VMs such as being able to power off and on and can also be cloned, just like a VM. The vApp enables software to be used minus the complexity of doing the software installations since the software contained in the vApp have already been installed as well as configured and are now ready for use. The software in the vApp are run by making use of the virtualization software, for instance, Oracle Virtual Box or VMWare Fusion One can use virtual appliances to deploy network applications and to automate services; they are particularly useful when deploying services in a simple way that eliminates problems such as driver incompatibility. In grid computing, virtual appliances solve the problem of having a wide variety of diverse operating system and hardware configurations. By adding virtual appliances, very rapid grid notes provisioning is achieved; this decouples the grid operator cleanly from the grid consumer through encapsulation of all virtual appliance knowledge. This way, one can just just download a software and run it. Virtual appliances are also very useful in the software as a service model because it enables economies of scale to be achieved; this is also possible with the infrastructure as a service model of delivery. The virtual appliance makes the file format irrelevant to a cloud service user and for IaaS, it offers a direct route on premise applications to be redeployed rapidly One of the main providers of vApp software is the SAS which provides the SAS University Edition, the other is VMWare vApp, and Xen vApp by Citrix. The SAS UE can have the software run using various platforms including Oracle VirtualBox and the VMWare Workstation player. The SAS UE can be run from or on cloud applications such as Amazon Cloud Services marketplace. The SAS VAPP contains various SAS software, including SAS studio, SAS/STAT, Base SAS, SAS IML and SAS/ ACCESS for transferring to PC files. In short, the SAS UE mostly contains proprietary SAS software applications, with the capability of transferring to PC file formats. The VMWare vApp on the other hand is an open source vApp in which several softwares can be installed and run from; it allows multiple softwares to be run on it; it offers resource controls from inside the vApp while also providing for network configurations within it. The VMWare vApp enables high level portability and so everything within the container can b e transferred to other virtual infrastructure. The entire VMWare vApp can be cloned. The XenvApp is particularly useful for providers with both old and new software applications. It provides off-line capabilities that allows easy access to applications from anywhere and from any device (Kecskemeti, Kacsuk, Delaitre, Terstyanszky, n.d.). Conclusion This paper explained some important core aspects of virtualization, including what the concept of virtualization is, when it should be used and how to use it, and its importance in a data center. It reduces energy use, lowers machine costs, reduces operating system costs, allows for easy back and redeployment, while also using a small physical space. With virtualization, virtual machines are used instead of physical machines and to ensure efficiency and constant operation, they should be configured properly. Used with virtual appliances and vApps, virtualization can greatly enhance the performance of the ACL Realty data center References Al-Dabbas, Ashraf. "How To Set Up Vmware Workstation As A Server". Pluralsight.com. N.p.,Web. 10 Apr. 2017. Baghel, M. (2017). A Few Reasons VMware Inc's Virtualization Dominance Can Continue The Motley Fool. The Motley Fool. Retrieved 10 April 2017, from https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/07/08/a-few-reasons-vmware-incs- virtualization-dominance.aspx Burger, T. (2012).The Advantages of Using Virtualization Technology in the Enterprise | Intel Software.Software.intel.com. Retrieved 10 April 2017, from https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/the-advantages-of-using-virtualization- technology-in-the-enterprise Christensen, K. (2012).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me.Datalink.com. Retrieved 10 April 2017, from https://www.datalink.com/getattachment/587347e1-4a62-443d-9175- d2614909f4e2/Moving-Toward-a-Virtual-Data-Center-(1).aspx Geng, H. (2015).Data center handbook(1st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Hardy, C. (2014).Efficient Handling of Virtual Machine (VM) Images.Innovativecontrols.com.Retrieved 10 April 2017, from https://innovativecontrols.com/blog/efficient-handling-virtual-machine-vm-images Hoffman, Chris. "How To Forward Ports To A Virtual Machine And Use It As A Server".Howtogeek.com. N.p., 2012. Web. 10 Apr. 2017. 'International Computers',. (2017).Back To Basics: Virtualization - Time And Money.Icc-usa.com. Retrieved 10 April 2017, from https://www.icc- usa.com/backtobasicsvirtualization-timeandmoney.html Kecskemeti, G., Kacsuk, P., Delaitre, T., Terstyanszky, G. Virtual Appliances: A Way To Provide Automatic Service Deployment. University of Westminster. Retrieved 11 April 2017, from https://users.iit.uni- miskolc.hu/~kecskemeti/publications/INGRID08BookFinal.pdf Rouse, Margaret. "Virtual Appliance". tech target. N.p., 2017. Web. 10 Apr. 2017. 'SAS',. "What Is A Vapp And How Does It Work?". Support.sas.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 10 Apr.2017.

When Perception Becomes Reality free essay sample

Takes a look at the role of perception in international conflict. This paper explains the important role that perception plays in our day-to-day decisions and how states determine courses of action in international society also according to their perceptions. It also describes the relationship between perception and reality in international relations through the examination of case studies and I.R. theory. Perception plays an extremely important role in our lives. The decisions we make every day are based on how we perceive the world around us. This is not so different from how states determine their course of action in international society. With only limited knowledge of the capabilities and intents of their neighbors, states must depend heavily on the perceptions they are able to gather. These perceptions however, are not always accurate assessments of the states that they endeavor to describe. Hence, for all intents and purposes, perception eclipses reality as the primary source of intelligence in the international arena. We will write a custom essay sample on When Perception Becomes Reality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately, misinterpretations of a states behavior by another state can often lead to brutal conflict. Historically, perception has played a prominent and vital role in conflict between states, however this role is an elusive one to trace.

The Bottom Billion

Table of Contents Introduction Elements Solutions Elements That Do Not Match With Liberalism Realism Constructivism Works Cited Introduction The Bottom Billion was authored by Paul Collier and was published in two 2007. In his book, Collier explores the reasons behind persistent poverty in developing countries. The citizens of these countries continue to live in abject poverty in spite of the international aid. He points out that, in more than fifty-eight countries, there are an approximated one billion people who seem to be irredeemably stuck in poverty. Some of this people have never felt the impact of foreign aid.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Bottom Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to him, these people are trapped in poverty. Their living standards are plundering when the living standards of other people in other nations are improving. Life expectancy has sharply dropped to forty y ears as compared to sixty-seven years in the stable nations. Child mortality has grown up. The percentage of children who do not live to see their first birthday now stands at fourteen percent in comparison with a four percent in developed countries. Collier explains how the western governments give misplaced assistance to the poor nations. He argues that they have to do much more than giving them money. These developed nations and the aid agencies must shift from the traditional approaches of poverty alleviation. The methods have seemingly failed to work. The poverty syndrome has defeated them and, therefore, a new prescription has to be found. He puts forward solutions both to the developing countries and the western powers over what he feels should be done to pull these people out of poverty. Elements Paul Collier believes that these people are trapped. In his examination of the causes of poverty level among the bottom billion, he says that these people are concentrated in Africa and central Asia. He outlines the following as his reasons for stagnancy. The Conflict trap There are persistent civil wars and repeated military coups in these nations. These wars eat too much into funds that would have been directed to other sectors of the economy for development. The wars are extremely costly and incur large economic costs to these nations. Similarly, years after the war or coups are extremely delicate and fragile. These countries easily and painfully slip back due to the wars. This causes a recurrent situation with wars or coups succeeding other coups. During wars, a clique of people from poor countries and foreign countries strike out a beneficial deal, whereby they benefit from the war. They supply either arms or ammunitions to the fighting groups. In return, they are allowed to extract the natural resources that they export hence enrich themselves. These actions aggravate the situation, which ensures that conflicts are sustained. In most cases, the corrupt keep winning, making it extremely impractical for these nations to develop.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Natural Resources Trap The bottom billion nations have peculiar characteristics. Some of these are extremely ironical. The abundance of natural resources has become a curse. Nations endowed with resources have the worst instability as compared to those that have few resources. Collier attributes this to various reasons. The availability of the resources creates room for conflict. There are competing interests over the same resources, which is a cause of conflict. The second point he puts forward is that the presence of resources is a source of income to governments. The government, therefore, does not tax its citizens. This makes the population lack the necessity to hold their government accountable as far as financial spending is concerned. This is an open window for go vernment officials who would be handed a blank check when it comes to expenditure. Most of these officials misuse the opportunity to satisfy their selfish interests. The presence of valuable natural resources that are exploited impacts negatively on other competitive sectors of the economy. Generation of income from this exploitation leads to currency valuation and other industries are affected. In Collier’s opinion, globalization has made matters worse. The resources that are extracted in these nations end up in stable countries. This contributes to the persistence of problems. Landlocked countries Some countries that fall in the bottom billion category are landlocked. This comes in two perspectives. The naturally landlocked nations do not have a coastline. This restricts their accessibility to the world through the seas. This means that they only access the world via their neighbors. Poor infrastructure network makes their link with neighbors inaccessible. This hinders su ch countries from fully exploiting their economic potential. The other problem comes when the nation is landlocked, and furthermore its neighbors have serious instabilities. This bit cuts off the developing nation from the rest of world. These challenges pose a serious threat and make it extremely impractical for these nations to tap from the world economic growth. Bad governance Paul Collier argues that poor governance critically affects small countries. This is caused by regular military coups that overthrow legitimate government. Another effect is that corruption tilts the electorate to lean towards poor leaders. It is also said that some stable nations literally interfere with these nations by funding politicians who cannot run an economy. He explains that unstructured governments with incapable leaders destroy economies of the countries at an alarming speed. Developing nations have a low cost of living. This should be an exceptionally good ground for investors with a labor-in tensive work. However, investors are scared due to the unpredictability of the security condition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Bottom Billion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These nations are also unknown. Investors, therefore, opt to invest in more development countries such as China. Investment that would have served to improve these nations is channeled elsewhere (Collier 26). Solutions Paul Collier clearly explains that the development and political stability of these nations are essential to the stability of the world at large. Therefore, the West has a moral responsibility to put to an end the problems and sufferings that people of these nations face. Collier, in his book, proposes measures that are pragmatic financially, but quite challenging to governmental institutions. He believes that in order for these nations to succeed the following measures should be considered. The aid agencies should ta ke risks. He elaborates that the agencies have to concentrate on extremely risky and difficult environments. For instance, the population may not be knowledgeable enough to question the accountability of their governments. This may require among other things educating the citizenry on accountability. The governments of the poor nations would fight these steps hard. They may respond by deporting foreign staff. However, if there is unity of purpose among these agencies, they will succeed. The second measure that he outlines is appropriate military intervention. He avers that, during these persistent civil strives, the western powers should launch a carefully calibrated assault on the warring factions. He gives the example of the British intervention in Sierra Leone. This will guarantee democratic governments success over the militia groups that are corrupt and only seek to mismanage the economy through misappropriation of funds for personal gain. The newly instituted governments ought to bring in new laws, which should be against corruption. The third approach proposed by Collier addresses the international organizations. He urges the organizations to ratify charters with the ethics of protocol. The charters are to be drafted and enforced to encourage good governance. He finally urges the western powers to adopt free trade policies with the bottom billion getting preferences for their export products. The external market will be opened to these nations, and in the process, they will learn a lot.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Elements That Do Not Match With Liberalism Paul Collier may have discussed exceeding many factors that favor liberalism. However, some of his arguments do not categorically match with liberalism. Taking a position to explain that the availability of resources reduces the citizens’ capacity to hold the government accountable is vague. The resource availability, however, much they generate an income, can never influence the government to a level that it can stop taxing the population. The government has to tax its citizenry in order to get adequate finances. His explanation of this point leaves us with a notion that nations in the bottom billion are ruled through laissez-faire. This form of leadership no longer exist Some of his proposed solutions will not work towards liberalization, particularly military intervention in the civil war times. The aim of his proposals is to save the citizenry from the cruelty of these countries. Regular military action, however, well choreograph ed, will attract resistance from the population. When the troops are in war, citizens will feel the heat. This will be referred to as collateral damage. Examples can be drawn from Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia. The US intervened, but it faced roadblocks from the population. War will also destroy the infrastructure, which he points out as a necessity. NATO attacked Libya to help the rebels overthrow Ghaddafi’s government. He was toppled, but the country was left with serious infrastructural problems. Realism Looking at Paul Collier’s arguments that lean towards liberalism, some of his evaluations and proposals conflict sharply with some realism facts. While Collier lays his foundation on striving to ensure equality among all nations, realists believe that world politics are guided by self-interests. Collier’s bottom billion argues with the mind that the western powers can pull the poor states from poverty for the benefit of the poor states stability. Realists ju stifiably argue that self-interests dictate the engagement with other nations. Collier quotes the British involvement in Sierra Leone. He does not state the British interests in the involvement. There were British interests. That is why realists had justifiable reasons to assert that states engagements with others are based on self-interests. By recommending military interventions, Collier is insinuating that other states can control other sovereign states. This is not practical. In realism, sovereign states cannot be dictated. For example, The British intervened in Sierra Leone. The nation still fights to date. The US intervened in Iraq and Somalia, but the civil wars persist to date. The main reason is that once the citizens sink to the idea that they are sovereign, and then will resist any attempt by foreign powers to interfere with the domestic affairs. He disagrees with the idea that states will always attain resources. He does not state the role of the US in the Democratic Rep ublic of Congo. The reasons behind government treaties and too much allocation of cash for exploration clearly approve the realist approach that nations are constantly seeking to increase their resources. Whereas Collier wants both the Western powers and International organizations to take serious steps to change the bottom billion, he forgets that these multinational organizations are run by the sovereign states. These states choose the officials and fund them. It is, therefore, in order to concur with realists that multinationals do not have independent influence. The West must determine what multinationals do because they give the funds to them. For several years, donors have demanded that the government of Ghana should align and harmonize its programs to suit their rules. There have been calls from donors to change the funding modalities from focusing on one sector to a budget support modality. In 2006 and 2008, donors contributed an approximated 13.8 percent and 14.33 percent o f the budget respectively Neo-realism also called structural realism states that nations are primary actors because no political monopoly is above existing states. Collier encourages the west to intervene militarily in the civil war cases. He forgets that they have failed before and will fail again if the same mistakes are repeated. If citizens reject then it is over. Collier cries out that war is costly, and the money should have done better projects had the regions been peaceful. This is quite intriguing because he goes ahead to call for military intervention. The question is who foots the costs of the war by the West. Realists assert that Countries must constantly prepare for conflict through economic and military buildup. Constructivism Paul Collier’s ideas happen to cut across the human life. He puts forward some ideologies that conflict with the constructivism theory in international relations. Collier lays almost all the problems of development on resources. He forgets to evaluate the hidden factors such as competition for natural resources. Constructivism holds the view that primarily shared ideas rather than material forces determine associations. There are goals, needs, and intentions behind the rivalry over resources. This is a fact that constructionists hold dearly. Collier fails to capture the interests of other states in the nations in the bottom billion. He notes that the third support persistent civil strives that would lead to fragile conditions immediately after the war. This makes countries constantly at war. The best example is the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Sudan. Proponents of constructionist state that international relation is a social construction. This is built over time. In Collier’s bottom billion, he believes that all solutions to problems of the third world rest with the Western powers and international organizations. It is impractical for a western government to move into one of the countries that fal l in the bottom billion and install changes with an immediate impact. Therefore, social constructionist becomes more applicable. The ideologies have a great effect and can easily trump the materialistic power. The effects are far reaching. This is why the perception is very important. Collier opposes this by proposing actions that seek instant material changes. Instead of suggesting institutional changes, he agitates for military deployment to install democratic governments. These attempts have failed elsewhere due to what constructs call perception. The effectiveness of the donor-funded project is evaluated using the indicators designed by citizens. For instance, the community might use scorecards to establish the effectiveness of the project. Works Cited Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print This essay on The Bottom Billion was written and submitted by user Nickolas Roth to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

About Different Essay Writing Formats

About Different Essay Writing Formats About Different Essay Writing Formats An essay writing format is something that concerns students who are not aware of their peculiarities. True, it is sometimes possible to get totally lost in the variety of those page numbering techniques and the and Bibliography sections. If you are one of those students who do not have a clear understanding of what distinguishes MLA from APA, then the following content is just for you. The present article will try to narrate of the most common formats for academic papers of the modern educational institutions. The most frequently used formats in the modern high schools, colleges and universities are APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, Oxford and Harvard. Apart from these ones, there are a few more, but they are used not so often. The tutors, in their majority, prefer the listed ones for the students who compose written assignments. These formats have their unique peculiarities, so the students would need to master these all in order to get the high marks and no complaints from their tutors. No need to panic. These are not too complicated and all of the students who have the desire to write well and obey the formatting rules would eventually master all of these formats. In case you belong to the category of students who have no or minimal desire to learn all of the mentioned formats and their peculiar characteristic, you are welcome to order the paper online – from the Internet-based custom paper writing company. Its staff knows how to work with any of the mentioned formats, so you will have no troubles in this regard. Once you order a paper composed by a freelance writer, you obtain the high-quality product and what is even more pleasant, you would not need to bother formatting the paper on your own. All you would need to do is to state which particular format you need during the order placement procedure. The rest will be done for you at quite an affordable price. You will get the completed essay formatted as needed within the time frame you specify in the order instructions. Leave the headache of formatting to the freelance writers from the online custom paper writing company and you will still succeed in this case. All you would need to do is to care about the credible online agency you address – you need the good assistance, not the poor one. So, select the writing agency with consideration and mind the price you might pay for addressing a poor company – you may lose the academic position and be accused of academic dishonesty. To avoid the latter ones – choose the writer to work with the utmost attention. offers professional essay writing help you can fully rely on. You will get a high-quality custom essay paper from highly qualified writers.

Oculocutaneous Albinism Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oculocutaneous Albinism - Literature review Example Albinism is a typical hereditary skin disease with varied clinical presentation and inheritance. It is mostly present from birth and increases the risk of cancer. It is not curable and there is no specific treatment. It can be a part of syndromes which cause bleeding diathesis and recurrent infections (Okulicz, 2002). In this article, a specific type of albinism, the oculocutaneous type will be discussed. Albinism Albinism is a group of disorders that are hereditary in nature and are related to abnormality in the synthesis or distribution of melanin (Okulicz, 2002). The abnormality of pigmentation manifests in eyes with or without involvement of skin and hair (Park et al, 2012). Thus, clinically, there are 2 categories of albinism. They are ocular albinism where in eyes are involved and skin involvement is either absent or minimal, and oculocutaneous albinism in which skin and eyes are involved. Oculocutaneous albinism may be defined as "a group of congenital heterogeneous disorders in which there is either complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes because of the absence of or a defect in an enzyme involved in the production of melanin" (Park et al, 2011). In both the conditions, the primary morbidity is related to the eye. The pattern of inheritance in albinism is variable. While the ocular albinism is through autosomal recessive or sex-linked inheritance, oculo-cutaneous albinism is autosomal recessive (Park et al, 2012). ... In patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, easy bruising is seen and in those with Chediak-Higashi syndrome, recurrent infections are noted. In X-linked ocular albinism, decreased hearing is seen (Okulicz, 2002). As far as discoloration of eyes, skin and hair is concerned, the range of depigmentation is variable and depends on the type of albinism. The color of the iris is usually blue and can even be brown. The iris will have transillumination defects. The fundus also, in general, is hypopigmented. To broadly classify, there are 2 forms of albinism. The classification is based on the tyrosinase hair bulb incubation test which differentiates between the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative forms. In those who are tyrosinase-positive, some degree of production of pigments occurs. In those who are tyrosinase-negative, there is absolutely no pigment production (Okulicz, 2002). Oculocutaneous albinism There are four types of oculocutaneous albinism or OCA (Okulicz, 2002). OCA typ e 1A is the classic tyrosinase negative type of OCA. In this condition, the infant is born with blue-grey irides, pink colored skin, white hair and predominant red reflex (Wei et al, 2011). The individuals have manifestations of the defects of eye as discussed above. They never develop pigmented lesions like freckles, naevi or lentigines. Hair becomes yellow with age due to denaturation of the keratin following exposure to ultraviolet light. In type1B, the presentation features at birth are similar to those in type 1A. However, as the age advances, the hair color darkens to brown color. The skin can get tanned on exposure to sunlight and can even develop pigmented lesions like naevi and freckles. The

E-procurement and E-supply Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-procurement and E-supply - Coursework Example Internet and e-business has become so much popular these days and a lot of business is moving towards e-business. This is specially the case with both large and small business. People like to market their product or project online as it takes less cost and benefits are much higher if properly planned. E-business and marketing are indispensible to each other, if one has a marvelous goods, products or services but he doesn’t have accurate and strong market skills; there are less chances of its success. On the other hand, if a person has normal quality products but he knows how to market them at economical rates, its results will be much better. E-procurement is an accommodative procurement of products, services and tasks using any electronic procedure in every stage for boosting in efficiency & transparency of the goods or services. Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology According to Venkatesh et al. (2003), there is a requirement to improve business’s men kno wledge of technology Utilization by investigating newer applications, accounting for additional difference in usage attitude and connecting it to individual usage results. the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) that incorporates major drivers and balks of web systems usage for e-procurement, investigates the consequence of such usage on corporate buyers and heightens the overall view of the UTAUT. It is calculated that eighty to ninety percent of the deals conducted over the Internet are business-to-business deals (Rosen and Howard, 2000). Although, little research has incorporated on web systems utilization from the point of view of corporate buyers. Figure 1: Research Model E-procurement has many objectives, few of them are: To perform as the catalyst for procurement reclaim, to improve transparency, supervising and manage in procurement procedure, to add in economies of scale via accumulation of demand, to cut off the cost of doing business for both suppli ers and government, to launch level playing field and â€Å"fair† private-enterprise platform for the suppliers. E-tendering is the second concept of e-procurement, features of e-tendering are: Publication of NIT, downloading of tender documents by contractors and suppliers, bids opening, Auto-bid evaluation, award publication. There are some famous examples of e-procurement: Public procurement service, Korea, Gebiz Singapore and Indian railways. E-procurement methodologies include software that allows purchasing agents to book their required items from various locations and generate invoices, purchase orders, receipts and request for quotations. Online auctions are another tool of e-procurement. Cathy-Pacific had a good plan to e-procurement but there are some flaws in their plan. Website marketing and online auction, selling is one of the best options via the web but it needs proper management, they had focus on –procurement but they didn’t focus on management and maintenance of such a long project. No doubt, their plan is good for cost reduction but some areas need proper attention like ticket booking and seat allocation needs extensive care and proper management as if it becomes tough, passenger will surely face issues at the time of travelling. No matter, which method they have used but by applying proper and accurate e-procurement technology they could gain a lot

Types of Phobias Essay Example for Free

Types of Phobias Essay Our psychics still stands very far away from the complete understanding of the processes that take place inside our mind. One of the striking evidences for this statement is the widest variety of fears that quite often enthrall people, and what is more, there are no easy ways to find any reasonable explanation to expand their origin. However, this problem is widely discussed in psychology and there is a special term to denote strong fear, aversion or terror, phobia. Anyone can be affected by phobia – even celebrities such as Nicole Kidman who is afraid of butterflies, Johnny Depp who is terrified of clowns, and Christina Ricci who is scared of sharks in the swimming pool. In this essay we shall describe a number of different instances of phobia and illustrate that generally they can be divided into to types, namely those which fall under rational explanation and respectively those which are based on deep psychological roots and defy any rational interpretation or explanation. Exactly the complexity and even sometimes impossibility to explain certain phobias, together with the need to apply an individual approach to examine each such case allows us to assert that our psyche and mental activity still is full of uncountable mysteries. Hundred thousands or even millions of people all over the world suffer from acrophobia or in other words the fear of heights. Basing on evidences and psychological studies this is likely to be the most spread form of phobias. Many of us have met people who feel petrified staying on an absolutely safe balcony of the skyscraper. So these are the apparent victims of acrophobia. There is little or no distinction between this kind of phobia and bathophobia, fear of depths; both involve fear of falling. The both forms of phobia have a simple rational explanation. Height and depth contain certain potential danger for a person. What helps realize this danger is person’s instinct for self-preservation, which compels a person to leave potentially dangerous place. However, in some cases the instinct for self-preservation transforms into exceptionally acute form, known to us as phobia. Another instance of phobia is arachnophobia or fear of spiders. Unlike the phobias discussed above this kind of fear is not related to the possible danger for life and cannot be explained by any reasonable means. To understand this phobia nature let us illustrate the particular case described in the newspaper Daily Record. Carol-Ann Swanson has been scared of spiders since she was a girl. At the age of 29 she admitted her tendency to scream and run away from anything that looked remotely like a spider and understood it was not quiet a normal thing for a psychiatry worker, so she decided to find the reasons for her fears. The psychoanalysis brought her back to her childhood when Ann’s older brother used to get her to close her eyes put a spider in her outstretched hand. Later that fear became a firm phobia in primary school. The teacher found out she was scared so she put a poster of a huge spider on the wall and asked her to touch it. The whole class discussed her fear, so it made her feel really embarrassed. Even the pom-pom spiders that hung from the classroom ceiling were terrifying. Thus we can see that in this given example through thorough psychological analysis one can derive the origin and explanation of the phobia. Nevertheless, there is a huge number of phobias which cannot be so easily interpreted of studied. For instance, if a lot people do not often feel very happy when seeing a spider then arachnophobia does not seem too abnormal phenomenon. However, such phobias like ailurophobia (fear of cats), koniophobia (fear of dust), anthophobia (fear of flowers), aurophobia (fear of gold) are considerably more complicated for interpretation. The problem of phobia origin still contains a lot of undiscovered facets. Among them the specialists (Kleinknecht R.) underline the following: Why some people at certain circumstances suffer from phobia and others do not? Why a person cannot overcome his or her phobia by the understanding that this fear is groundless? Are there any universal methods applicable to all people suffering from phobia? While there are no direct answers to these questions there is a strong need to apply individual approach to study each particular instance of phobia. The difficulty and sometimes even the helplessness in dealing with phobia gives the grounds for claim that our mind and mental processes occurring there still present a lot of riddles to be solved. References: Kleinknecht, Ronald A. Mastering Anxiety: The Nature and Treatment of Anxious Conditions. New York: Insight Books, 1991. Does This Tarantula Scare You? Amazing irrational fears that plague so many terrified victims; The like Carol-Ann You Are One of 50,000 Scots with a Phobia. Lifestyle Coach Alastair Campbell Helps Her Face Her Demons. Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland) 2 Mar. 2005. Biography.ms. Retrieved on 22 Jan. 2006 from http://www.biography.ms/List_of_phobias.html

Trends of Internet Health Care

Trends of Internet Health Care What is Internet Health Care? Technology has changed forever the way consumers perceive healthcare. the internet is utilized by millions of user to perform daily life activities such as shopping, bills paying, communication with colleagues or family members, dating, and now health care (Bau, 2001). In the past, only physicians were the source and provider of health care information and services to their patients (Hesse all, 2005). Also most information pertaining to health was only accessible in libraries, through medical books. In this new age of advanced technology, the internet has become the go to tool for patients seeking health information as mild as flu symptoms to more serious and life threatening disease as cancer. As much as 72% of world-wide-web users seek health information though the internet (Pew 2012). â€Å"Health seekers† utilize this tool to learn more about their condition, seek new treatments, interact with others in the same situation, and get answers to questions at any given moment day or night. The internet is allowing its users access to a wealth of information, all that in the privacy of their homes and at less cost. The â€Å"informed consumers† are getting more and more involved in every aspect of their care and they want to participate in â€Å"shared decision-making† (Sunday, 2000). Internet health information seeking can help patients be better informed, which can lead to better health outcomes, a better utilization of health service resources, and a strong er physician-patient relationship (Kassier 2000; Murray et al 2003). But, health information on the Internet may be misleading or misinterpreted, compromising health behaviors and health outcomes, or resulting in inappropriate requests for clinical interventions (Eysenbach, Kohler, 2002; Murray et al 2003). To access the full potential of internet as a source of health information, physicians need to recognize the potentials of this technology, while being mindful of possible dangers to patients’ health (Powell all, 2003). What is the trend? Worldwide about 4.5% of all internet are health related (Morahan-Martin, 2004). In less than a quarter of century, the internet users grew from 42% to 81% (Fox Rainie 2014). Seventy two percent of U.S. adult reported looking for health or medical information online for themselves or for others at least once in the previous 12 months (Fox Duggan 2013). The internet not only is a research tool for those seeking information regarding their condition, bit is also a tool diagnosis tool for those searching for answers online. Indeed the 2012 Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project health survey revealed that among the health seekers, 35% were â€Å"health diagnosers† meaning people looking to find answers for specific medical conditions online themselves or relatives might have (Fox Duggan, 2013). Across studies, the general observation was that higher education levels was strongly correlated to higher rates of Internet use for health but internet use was not a function of household income (Jansen Spink 2006). Most of the online health seekers (77%) start their search from general search engine like Google or through medical web sites (13%) proving some specific health information (Fox Duggan 2013). These results are somewhat inconsistent with a more targeted study by Dickerson, Reinhart, Feeley, Bidani, Rich, Garg Hershey (2004) accessing patients internet behavior in three urban primary care clinics were the majority of the patient (73%) reported starting their search on a medical website. Half of the inquiries are on behalf of a loved one which translates to 39% of the online health seekers population (Fox Duggan, 2013). Often women (64%) would report searching the net for health information than male (53%) even though they equally access the internet (Fox Duggan, 2013). Why health seekers like the Internet? Seekers of online information always cite tree main reasons for going online. First, the Internet allows them to seek information at any hour; second, they can get a wealth of information and; finally, they can access the information anonymously (Fox Rainie, 2000). Seekers of online health information are of two kinds: those with a diagnosed chronic condition and those without (Dickerson et al., 2004). According to studies, they tend to have a different approach toward online information seeking. Indeed, multiple studies revealed that people that perceive themselves as being unhealthy tend to be more proactive at seeking online information that will help them get a better understanding of their condition, or to seek for second opinion, or seek advance treatment of their ailment (Fox Rainie,2000; Dickerson et al., 2004) . Most users actually attributed their improve understanding of health issues to the use of internet and some even went further admitting internet has impacted how they manage their health care needs and their choice of a health care professional (Jansen Spink, 2006). The internet is a powerful education tool and a great support to consumer looking to get more involved in their health care and participate in share decision making. Internet improves users understanding of their chronic condition, treatments for their chronic condition, or other symptoms, conditions, or treatments, effects decisions about health or health care or on use of the health care system. Potential benefits of online health information Online health information has the potential of improving patients’ participation in some aspects of their care and their interaction with the care giver (Baker, Wagner, Singer, Bundorf, 2003). Most users go to health sites for research and reference purposes. Physicians and patient alike use the internet for health information-seeking and communication purposes. Physicians glean the internet to keep up with the latest innovation in their field. It is also a way to connect with colleagues from all other the world as there are no borders restrictions on the World Wide Web. Few use it to communicate with their caregivers or to buy medicine. Most health seekers have been able to get the information they need without revealing personal information. Anonymity is another great benefit offered by the internet. Anyone can go online and look for any symptom or condition without revealing it identity. For extremely shy people or for embarrassing health conditions, the internet is a good alternative to understanding or treating the condition without getting exposed. According to studies Many are using the Web to gather information on behalf of family and friends. Those who are in excellent health often seek online materials to help someone else; those who are in less-than-excellent health are more likely to be hunting for information for themselves (Fox Rainie, 2000). The 2012 Pew health survey reported that about half of the internet health quests are on behalf of a loved one (Fox Duggan, 2012). In addition, Internet has been proven helpful in assisting caregivers in their ability to provide care to cope and support for the person in their care (Fox, Duggan, Purcell 2013). A Pew internet health tracking survey from August to September 2012 revealed that 24% of caregivers (adults ages 18+) surf the net for reviews on prescription drugs, 30% got information , care, and support from people with the same condition, as much as 46% went online for diagnosis, and 72% gathered health information online (Fox, Duggan, Purcell 2013) In general, health seekers use the internet to seek information on present or immediate medical condition. It is important to note that in most cases, in person visit with a physician precedes the seeking of online health information. Often, a diagnosis following a doctor visit always urges patients to seek online information in order to better understand their condition. But then again, the decision on when to meet with the physician depends on who the patient is. In general, health seekers looking for information on behalf of a loved one will go online after a doctor’s visit, while health seekers looking for self will go online before the doctor’s visit, so that they can actively participate. The Pew health survey reports that 53% of â€Å"online diagnoses† reported their online findings to their physician and 41% had their diagnosis confirmed (Pew, 2012). Those results contradict a study by Diaz et al (2002) conducted on primary internal medical private practi ce patients who reported that nearly 60% of the patient did not discuss their findings with their physicians. Second opinion seeking health seekers use the internet to get a second opinion.(develop on this) Interactive and E-connecting- (use the article on cancer) there are countless number of online support groups for nearly every disease and condition, with infinite discussion topics (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). But just as important as the information exchanged in these e-discussions is the emotional support they provide. Being able to interact with others that can relate to the seeker situation is a coping mechanism. â€Å"My coping mechanism was to learn as much as I could about my cancer and my treatment, and the most convenient avenue for this was the Internet† said Karen Parles a cancer patient. Indeed, patients reported being less stressed about their disease once they are able to communicate with others in similar condition. Karen Parles a lung cancer patient sated â€Å"because of the sheer numbers of patients online, I was able to find others just like myself, and I no longer felt like the only 38- year-old nonsmoker on the planet with lung cancer.† This wealth of per sonal experience and support can be recorded for future reference of patients, clinicians, or health care planners (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). E-monitoring –mentioned the internet is a tool that can be utilized to monitor patients conditions (Forkner-Dunn 2003). Chronic conditions like diabetes, heart diseases, and obesity can specially benefit from e-monitoring. Internet can facilitate home management of medical condition via monitoring devices. For instance, monitoring device testing blood glucose level are widely popular among diabetic patients and these devices connected to the internet can transmit real time results to patients care giver. Patients can also monitor and transmit their weight via e-scale or access their heart or respiratory rate using e-shirt (Forkner-Dunn, 2003). Internet and physician-patient relationship A study accessing the impact of the internet on physician- patient relationship by Murray et al (2003) found that most physicians agree that patient bringing information to the visit was beneficial to the physician-patient relationship, but negatively affected time efficiency. Moreover it had no effect on health the quality of care or the health outcome. Health information on the Internet may make patients better informed, leading to better health outcomes, more appropriate use of health service resources, and a stronger physician-patient relationship (Murray et al. 2003). The internet can have a positive outcome on patients and be the best support they can expect when facing life threatening condition. According to a cancer patient in one study â€Å"The Internet has impacted my relationship with my oncologists and my surgeon in a very positive way. I would say that the information I learn on the Internet enables me to ask different questions, to affect the agenda, and to feel involved in my care. Online support that I receive from other patients often relieves anxiety and resolves minor issues that I would otherwise raise with my doctors†(Penson et al 2002). Negatives and obstacles of internet health information Privacy violations Health seekers are scared of what may happen to their information online. There is the fear of having their online activities exposed. Anonymity is one of the reasons people get online. To date this is no enforced policies preventing health websites from keeping tract on online users’ activities and selling those data without users’ content. The absence of enforced policies to guarantee a safe navigation and patients’ privacy renders the internet unsafe for the most concerned patients. Based on the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project telephone survey from July 11-14, of 1,002 adults ages 18 and older, 86% of internet users have tried to use the internet in ways to minimize the visibility of their digital footprints, 55% of internet users have taken steps to hide from specific people or organizations (Rainie et al 2013). Specifically 21% of internet users have had an email or social networking account compromised or taken over by some one else without permission. 13% of internet users have experienced trouble in a relationship between them and a family member or a friend because of something the user posted online.12% of internet users have been stalked or harassed online. 11% of internet users have had important personal information stolen such as their Social Security Number, credit card, or bank account information. 6% of internet users have been the victim of an online scam and lost money. 6% of internet users have had their reputation damaged because of something that happened online. 4% of internet users have been led into physical danger because of something that happened online. 1% of internet users have lost a job opportunity or educational opportunity because of something they posted online or someone posted about them (Rainie et al 2013). Inaccurate, incredible and difficult to evaluate – few studies to date have been able to access the credibility, and accuracy of online health information. One major problem encounter by health seekers is that most of the information online is too general and outdated (Fox Rainie, 2000, Rice 2006). Based on previous studies results, internet health seekers find it hard to find what there are searching online, or could not fully comprehend the information, or the information was overwhelming or unreadable (Zeng et al. 2004; Berland et al., 2001 ). Health seekers are equally divided when it come to the credibility of the information online (Fox Rainie, 2000). The most common problems mentioned were: no new information, information too general, confusing interface/organization, and too much information to process (Rice, 2006). Another obstacle to expansion of online health is inequality. The lack of necessary technology some part of the population is very problematic. Many senior, minority, and lower-income patients will be excluded if online forms of intervention were to be implemented nationwide for lack of access. Previous studies reported (who use the internet). There is a possibility that the expansion of this technology might prove to worsen inequality in the distribution and delivery of care rather than ameliorate it (DiMaggio, Hargittai 2001). Previous works have also pointed out wide variations in the quality of information available on the Internet. Inaccurate or poorly targeted information can to poor treatment choices. An excess of extraneous, irrelevant, or invalid information can burden health care providers and lead to the provision of efficiently care (Baker, Wagner, Singer, Bundorf, 2003). An assessment of 121 websites on five common health topics to evaluate their credibility reported that only 24% of the sites met more than two-thirds of the published health guidelines for that health topic (Rice, 2006). Berland et al. (2001)also reported that Internet health information has an inadequate coverage of important medical information. Destroy physician- patient relationship – the search of information online can lead to unrealistic expectations (Penson et al. 2002). Patients scattering the internet for information or alternative treatments, getting their hopes up only to have their physician reject it for cause of inaccuracy or irrelevancy may get frustrated put tensions into the patient-physician relationship. Murray et al. (2003) find a correlation between physician refusals to approve inappropriate requests, patients’ satisfaction, and a lower index of quality; particularly in managed care. Physicians sometime feel as patients armed with online information are challenging their authority. This reaction was strongly associated with harms to the physician-patient relationship, quality of care, health outcomes, and time efficiency (Murray et al. 2003). Recommendations Suggestions include kitemarks (seals of approval) for quality Web sites, codes of conduct for development and content of Web sites, market forces, directing users to trusted Web sites, filters, rating instruments for users, and public education in evaluating the quality of online information (Murray et al. 2003) Directing users to trusted web sites – providers can proactive in identifying the best internet health source to direct their patients. Suggested trustworthy organizations by Diaz et al. (2002) are the Health on the Net Foundation (www.HON.ch),the Internet Healthcare Coalition (www.ihealthcoalition.org),and Health Internet Ethics (www.hiethics.org). Past studies show that up to 35% of the internet users do not share their results with physician (Pew, 2014). The main raison being that physician did not ask or did not give the impression of wanting to get involved. Physicians can best assist patients by inquiring about internet usage and by helping in finding reliable source of medical information (Diaz et al. 2002). Provide accurate, credible, Reliable Information– web sites aiming at providing internet information should thrive to assure accuracy, credibility, and reliability. Health information provided to patients ought to be useful, up to date, and must provide a list of sources that support the reliability of the information. Privacy– HIPPA requirement for health organization using health IT should apply to health information web sites. Patients’ privacy should be respected and should not be shared without authorization. Conclusion All major changes always face resistance before people can warm up to the idea and then follow the acceptation phase. Like the introduction to telephone in health care more than a century ago, introduction of the internet as a form of health care delivery will take time before it can be viewed as a tool that add value to medical practice.

Teachers and maintenance discipline in a classroom situation

In order to hold a better as a schoolroom director ( instructor ) one must hold the followers: Handle every sort of schoolroom subject job Learn to convey any schoolroom under control Get the pupils ‘ attending Let there be regard for each other particularly sentiments or replies and There must be quietness If one can conceive of himself or herself in the schoolroom twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours passing all the clip learning to an attentive category. As a instructor you will demo the deep rooted love in replying the call as a instructor. A instructor whose pupils are punctual because promptness is the psyche of concern, respectful on undertaking and attentive all the will decidedly bask his or her undertaking. Form my observation Manchester Academy is one of the schools that keep schoolroom under control, and this shows a clean and clear apprehension of planning. Knowing how to maintain a schoolroom non merely controlled but on undertaking and attentive is the most important accomplishment a instructor can hold, without which no effectual instruction can take topographic point. At Manchester Academy I observed the school has a batch to offer and they have given themselves clip to offer it, because it is non a nice feeling traveling to category mundane feeling you do non hold the necessary tools to acquire the acquisition atmosphere you justly deserve. It is a nice feeling traveling to your category knowing that you will be learning in a favorable ambiance that is contributing to larning and that you have the tools to manage any state of affairs, alternatively of seeking to convey order or shushing a inveterate riotous pupil or shouting that there should be quietness every clip. Manchester Academy displayed that spirit during the reading lessons. As instructors we do non desire our schoolrooms to be orderly merely for its ain interest or because we are on some sort of power trip, but so that we can give pupils what we have to offer. Sometimes you find you want to larn this from person who does non hold to be that right, but who has had to set up schoolroom control even inside the worst behaved schoolrooms found anyplace in the universe. Management and subject are the chief ingredients in the instructors ‘ planning. Sound subject and direction underpins every facet of the school life. For successful instruction and acquisition to take topographic point it is of import that good subject exist in every schoolroom in peculiar and in the school as a whole. Harmonizing to Hill & A ; Hill ( 1997: 16 ) † scholars learn to the best of their abilities in an orderly and safe environment. † Research workers like Potgieter, Visser, Van der Bank, Mothata and Squelch ( 1997:59 ) stated that â€Å" if subject is non taken into consideration, the school environment will be unsafe in the educational procedure may be disrupted. † This may besides impact the educational attainment of scholars. In this respect Levin & A ; Nalon ( 1991:30 ) province that, â€Å" in add-on to the obvious impact on the instruction and larning environment riotous behavior, can besides impact the scholars ‘ safety, preparednes s to larn every bit good as future behavior. † In add-on, Hill & A ; Hill ( 1994:6 ) â€Å" if subject can destruct the possibility of a safe and orderly environment and thereby a shackle the nucleus intent of the school. † It is hence necessary that subject is maintained in a school for the public assistance and safety of scholars and pedagogues, and for the success of the educational procedure. Learners in the farther instruction are working hard to organize the ain individualities asseverating power through the brilliant by presenting instructors. Coetzer & A ; Le Roux ( 1996:84 ) endorse this position when they stated that, â€Å" modern kids and young person want to set up their ain life, and by making so will melt Rebel against subject and authorization. † They sum up by stating that â€Å" the young person have been emancipated to populate their ain life styles as they see it fit and accept values different from the society. â€Å" Sowetan ( South Africannewspaper ) of Thursday March, 17 2011: 5 ( Early edition ) states that â€Å" we call on all students to contend fire with fire-when instructors hit you, you must hit back. â€Å" As a consequence, instructors experience troubles, experiencing that they are challenged and might lose control. A deficiency of subject in public schools is experient all over the universe. Wayson & A ; Pinnell ( 1994:1534 ) â€Å" The deficiency of scholar subject in many public schools throughout the universe has been a affair of great concern for school direction and instructors, to a lesser extent for scholars themselves parents and the general populace. † Harmonizing to Charles ( 1996:3 ) legion surveies that were conducted in the USA in 1992, have listed subject is a major job with which instructors must postulate and a important factor in instructors go forthing the profession. In add-on to the job, Charles ( 1996:3 ) provinces, â€Å" instructors try to reassign off from the schools that have high degrees of misbehavior, live in such schools in the custodies of instructors non yet skilled in exercising keeping subject. † From a personal observation and informal interviews with instructors I as a school teacher at a 2nd at the school have concluded that it is subject is non prevailing in Manchester Academy. The bulk of instructors seem to believe that scholars should non be left entirely to their ain devices without being controlled or supervised. The position of supervising featured Manchester Academy High School. Learners are non left to act in whatever manner they wish. The instructors in the Manchester Academy are non kicking that they are making more policing work than learning in the schoolroom. Manchester Academy has a computerized manner of tracking and training scholars who misbehave harmonizing to the type of offenses. Teachers do non pass clip disproportionately covering with this riotous behavior of scholars and the consequence of the actions. Apparently Manchester Academy impart their perceptual experiences in such a manner that scholars took positively towards benefits of instruction. Proper, important and sympathetic counsel of class will ever help scholars to see the demand to set up good resonance with instructors and eventually with parents. It is the duty of the instructors to keep a civilization of instruction and acquisition in schools, but it is non possible to make so if the subject and the safety are non considered in the school environment. Disintegrated subject causes trouble in the attainment of school aims. Schools become there is functional when both scholars and instructors can non work efficaciously and expeditiously under conditions which are non contributing and are shocking. Learners can non set down and instructors can non learn in an insecure environment. A safe an orderly school environment is a requirement for acquisition and instruction to take topographic point. Thus instructors can merely dispa tch their professional responsibilities if there is order and subject in both the schoolroom and the school as a whole.How can teachers keep subject?Research workers are of an sentiment that instructors play a critical function in keeping subject and control within the school. Harmonizing to Joubert & A ; Prinsloo ( 1999:55 ) , â€Å" pedagogues are responsible to keep subject at all times. † Varma ( 1993:31 ) provinces that, â€Å" beyond their duty for learning, pedagogues are besides responsible for the moral development of scholars and to guarantee that they become observant citizens. † This implicitly means that within the school community, instructors are expected to react in a commanding Y to misdemeanors of the institutional regulations and of the school and signifiers such as larceny, and strong-arming that has a direct bearing on the moral sphere. The Department of Education besides demands that subject be maintained in school so that civilization of instruct ion and acquisition is realized. Harmonizing to Section 8 ( 1 ) Of the South African Schools Act ( SASA ) ( RSA, 1996 a: 8 ) , subject must be maintained in the school and schoolroom state of affairss so that the instruction of scholars flourishes.Teachers are in fact expected to manage riotous scholars in the categories so that scholars can concentrate on the school assignment. Butchart & A ; McEwan support this position by saying that, â€Å" inequality school, pedagogues must larn how to manage a riotous scholar in a manner that is non punitory, yet gets the state of affairs under control and at the same clip opens the scholars in head to work in category †How to match subject and equity?One of the inquiries on the questionnaire is â€Å" what is your ( instructor ) function in a show in subject in your school? † Harmonizing to Hosten et Al ( in Oosthuizen 1985:59 ) explains fairness as â€Å" the moral value that serves as a norm to guarantee nonpartisanship when covering with viing involvements of assorted topics. † This denotes that the involvements of both instructors and scholars must be protected. The scholars are the legal topics and have legal rights that should be protected. The scholars other legal topics and have legal rights that should be protected. Section 12 ( 1 ) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa ( RSA, 1996 degree Celsius: 8 ) . In this independent survey support ( ISS ) hungry and took shy to reply inquiries that have been asked in the questionnaire. Manchester Academy claim to be executing really good in footings of subject, direction and leading since its passage. Now strategies for good schoolroom subject could be based on both standard and student behavioral facet to do subject more effectual. The followers may perchance help instructors to better the jobs that may be at that place in state of affairss, that is, they might be underlying issues in the school and has to be solved in expectancy.Aid to scholars and their voice.Teachers should steer scholars towards their ain behavior. Passing opinion on lawbreakers ‘ action instructors should alternatively inquire inquiries that encourage scholars to judge their ain behavior. They should remain focused and if need be, assist scholars to accept ownership of their actions. Teachers should steer scholars for bettering future behavior. They should inquire scholars to explicate alternate ways of acting the following clip they are confronted with similar state of affairss. Teache rs should construct scholars ‘ committedness to their programs by giving them feedback and support. Learners will experience more committed if instructors acknowledge the cogency of their programs. Making this could be every bit simple as oculus contact. Teachers should non let onionskin alibis are the lone service to avoid duty. Harmonizing to Rich ( 1982:169 ) â€Å" school regulations may be breached when scholars feel that they are undue † . This will doubtless go on if scholars were non allowed to take portion in the preparation of regulations. It is hence necessary that scholars must understand why regulations have been formulated and why they should follow with them. Again, harmonizing to Blandford ( 1998:39 ) â€Å" a school without an effectual subject policy that encompasses schemes and mechanisms that are available to all the members of the school community, can non work as a centre for learning and larning. † The procedure of developing and implementing subject policy involves collaborative decision-making. Therefore, all the members of the school should hold an chance to take portion in the decision-making. Sunday Times ( South African newspaper ) of 12.01. 1992, noted that â€Å" grade 12 scholars in black townships in South Africa, were continuously neglecting because of the conspicuous deficiency of subject among them. † It is of import that subject should be maintained at all times in schools and that each and every school must hold a codification of behavior. Teachers should avoid doing irrelevant regulations because this will make serious disciplinary jobs in the school and the schoolroom. McQueen ( 1992:56 ) supports this position and infinite that â€Å" irrelevant regulations are useless and black because ailing chosen regulations will make serious direction and disciplinary jobs in the schoolroom state of affairs.Motivating and promoting scholars.They word â€Å" motive † is derived from a Latin word â€Å" movere † significance to travel ( McLean, 2003:7 ) . Therefore, motive is the amount of all that moves a individual to action. To actuate indicate tha t one individual provides another individual with a motivation to make something. Motivation can be regarded as the cardinal facet of emotional intelligence. Harmonizing to the South African Oxford Dictionary ( 1998:285 ) . The term â€Å" motivate † means to give a individual a motivation or inducement to make something. Harmonizing to Word mention online, con sized Oxford lexicon ( 2008 ) the word â€Å" motive † means â€Å" excite the involvement of. † First, it has a directional undertakings taking among options and keeping the action desired. Second, it has strength, for illustration degree of enthusiasm ( McLean 2003:37 ) . Harmonizing to Burden ( 1995:16 ) . Most pedagogues use the construct motive to depict â€Å" those procedures which can elicit any initiate behavior, continue to let the behavior to prevail, and lead to taking or preferring a specific behavior. † Teachers are hence interested in a peculiar kind of scholar motive which is to act uate scholars to larn. Teachers should guarantee that scholars are motivated to larn and act suitably because demotivated scholars get discouraged easy. Teachers should honor scholars when they are acting good for finishing their work. They should make this through congratulations and category acknowledgment. Any program for covering with misbehaviour must include encouragement of good behavior, otherwise learners learn what they are non make, but they have non learnt what they should make. To further discourse the impact of schoolroom subject is partially involves on the scholars conduct, are the ability and accomplishments that instructors should hold. Patience comes foremost, particularly when a scholar has a behavioral job, and this should be given attending in an appropriate manner, hence as portion of the instructors responsibilities and duties. Making it a point that effectual instruction makes scholars learned. The instructor plays a important function in which it imparts the cognition and accomplishments to the scholars and the instructor should love and demo the deep-seated love in the calling that is believed he or she chose it volitionally. The instructor must hold the enterprise on how to cover with each scholar in category, doing it his or her responsibility to affect to maintain scholars busy and at the same clip see their category as gratifying and holding a great impact on the field of larning. Taking into awareness that scholars differ in their abilities and instructors should cognize up to what extent would a peculiar be able absorb the lesson. Skills coupled with effectual schoolroom subject can be acquired through pattern, holding feedback and besides willing to accept merely errors is no 1 is infallible. Teachers must walk the talk. Teachers who have many old ages of experience have contributed to a specific position of what peculiar technique work and what are the relevant methods that may non be applicable in training a category with such inevitable scholars ‘ behavioral facet. The instructor must do it a point that the instruction method and manner or managing subject must keep a sort of ambiance that enhances larning for the scholars. The manner the category is arranged signifiers portion of category subject. A good category agreement makes it easy to keep subject. It is the instructors ‘ duty to be argus-eyed at all times to supervise and detect scholars ‘ public presentation in activities. Apparatus, books learning AIDSs and other stuff should ever be readily available. Harmonizing to Ofsted study of the 30th to 31st of March 2009. It is stated that Manchester Academy is † outstanding † This shows that Manchester Academy as a school is working really hard to bring forth good hereafter citizens. The 2009 study further stated that the school aims to to the full fit the pupils in such a sensible mode. Learners are expected to travel into the outside universe, skilled and ready to run into the demands of life. Parents and instructors have a responsibility to fix them to execute good in the community every bit good is in the universe of work. They must hold an impact upon the scholars ‘ behavior by learning them about the determinations and choices the scholars have to do every twenty-four hours and how such determinations and hints affected their lives, both at school and thenceforth. For illustration, â€Å" a disciplinary step against a scholar who comes to school tardily will help to promote him or her to be on clip and be more responsible and accountable in the hereafter ( Lemmer, 1998:47 ) . Discipline challenges the scholars to make self-contemplation about their end and intent in life. Discipline should stress success and non failure. It should help the scholars to develop their single abilities in order to run into challenges of life with assurance. If this has occur red the scholars would hold gained a sense of security and significance in life through subject Lent at school.Decision.Learners of Manchester Academy are good disciplined. They are good motivated and they besides had an chance to research themselves outside the schoolroom, hence they say that they are â€Å" prepared exceptionally good for farther survey and work beyond the school. † The school ‘s positive clime and success are obtained from the good behavior of scholars. The instructors in a subject school our free and happy to learn without being preoccupied with tenseness and fright caused by misconducting scholars. The disciplinary jobs that are common in lending to, indiscipline in Manchester Academy seems to be identified and discussed with scholars so that proactive actions are taken to advance good subject. Rights and responsibilities of instructors and their part in keeping subject merely at that place because it is said that the â€Å" follow policy. † See appendix. Educators seem to back up the school principal/headmaster by guaranting that the scholars observe school regulations and ordinances in they are held responsible for any misbehaviour hence the school has a commission responsible for behavior harmonizing to their types. Teachers can non work in isolation in acquiring read of ill-disciplined behavior in category in the school as a whole. It takes an attempt from all the stakeholders, including the school, parents and scholars to minimise deficiency of subject. See appendix.

Leadership Essay

Business Essentials LEADERSHIP PAPER 1. Reflect from your own personal experiences concerning leadership. 2. Use Microsoft Word and type a one-page essay about your experiences regarding leadership. 3. Use the following formatting for your essay: a. Font size – 12 b. Font size – Calibri c. Normal 1† margins. d. Double-spaced 4. For the first part of this essay, discuss someone that you have worked with/under (a teacher, a manager on a job, a coach, a pastor, etc. ) that you consider to be a bad leader. DO NOT NAME THIS PERSON. What exactly made this person a bad leader? Discuss why their leadership style did not inspire you – what exactly did they do to deteriorate your drive to work hard. Be specific and provide examples. Discuss how they could have changed their leadership style to get more out of you personally. Despite their poor leadership, name one way in which you benefited from working with this person. 5. For the second part of this paper, discuss someone that you have worked with/under that you consider to be a great leader. You may name this person if you choose. What types of characteristics made this person a good leader? What exactly did they do to inspire you to do a good job. Discuss how their leadership style motivated you. Be specific and provide examples. How did you benefit from working with this person? 6. For the last part of this paper, identify the top three personality traits you feel a manager should have and explain why these traits are so important. 7. Save with a password to your W:drive folder as LEADERSHIP ESSAY. Leadership Essay Business Essentials LEADERSHIP PAPER 1. Reflect from your own personal experiences concerning leadership. 2. Use Microsoft Word and type a one-page essay about your experiences regarding leadership. 3. Use the following formatting for your essay: a. Font size – 12 b. Font size – Calibri c. Normal 1† margins. d. Double-spaced 4. For the first part of this essay, discuss someone that you have worked with/under (a teacher, a manager on a job, a coach, a pastor, etc. ) that you consider to be a bad leader. DO NOT NAME THIS PERSON. What exactly made this person a bad leader? Discuss why their leadership style did not inspire you – what exactly did they do to deteriorate your drive to work hard. Be specific and provide examples. Discuss how they could have changed their leadership style to get more out of you personally. Despite their poor leadership, name one way in which you benefited from working with this person. 5. For the second part of this paper, discuss someone that you have worked with/under that you consider to be a great leader. You may name this person if you choose. What types of characteristics made this person a good leader? What exactly did they do to inspire you to do a good job. Discuss how their leadership style motivated you. Be specific and provide examples. How did you benefit from working with this person? 6. For the last part of this paper, identify the top three personality traits you feel a manager should have and explain why these traits are so important. 7. Save with a password to your W:drive folder as LEADERSHIP ESSAY. ï » ¿Leadership Essay A leader is a person who is able to take charge of a situation in a responsible and organized manner to get something done. In order to be a leader one must have people to follow and support them in that ranking position. Henry Miller said â€Å"The real leader has no need to lead—he is content to point the way. † Leaders can be born or made. Many people try very hard to be â€Å"in charge† and to become a leader that people will follow and listen to. While others have a natural qualities of a leader. One could be in a classroom and observe the students and pick out the leaders from the followers.Parents can pick out future leaders sitting on a park bench at a playground. Good leaders have many different and common qualities depending on the type of leader needed for the situation. There are more qualities needed to be an effective leader other than being organized, honest, and responsible. Granted those are important aspects they are not the only aspects. Effect ive leaders must be respectful to the people following and looking up to him/her. Respect goes both ways, if the leader does not give it, then he will not be getting it either, therefore that leader most likely will not be the leader of much of anything.An effective leader must be able to show appreciation to the people getting his job done. Also a leader needs to be able to follow through on the commitments he makes by actually doing what they say they will do. Effective leadership is when a leader is chosen, nominated, or somehow put to power and in a high ranking position is actually able to get something effective done for the common wealth while have higher decision power than the people following him/her. Now, there are different types of leaders for different situations.For example one would not need the same type of leader to run a government as to run a book club. There are different types of leaders for different types of situations called situational leaders. The four mai n types are the telling, selling, participating, and delegating leaders. A telling leader literally tells each person in his group how to go through a job. A telling leader doesn’t care so much about feelings or the relationships within the group. The selling leader is the type of leader who needs to persuade everyone into getting things done or for thing to go in his or her direction.The participating leader is a leader such as the U. S president because this type of leader listens to what his/her followers say as the president listens to the other branches of government to make decisions. Lastly the delegating leaders does not lead to much of anything because he trusts his group or followers to be responsible enough to handle duties. Leadership is developed in only a couple of ways. Now there has always been a continuous argument about if a leader is actually born or made.A lot of people believe only a leader can be born, while other believe a leader has to be taught to lea d. But in reality, one is either born a leader or taught to be a leader. Leadership can be developed as a child while being raised. For example, a child that has a lot of younger siblings is a born leader because he or she has been leading around those sibling for a long time. Also if I child is born into a military home many of those children are natural leaders just because of where they were raised. Though not everyone is born a leader, leadership can still be taught.Therefor leaders can be made. For example, a shy teenager goes into the military. The military will make him into a drill sergeant or company commander. A leader was just made by the military. Another example of a leader being made is people go to law school and graduate leaders every year. You cannot be a lawyer if you were to shy away from a case. No, a lawyer must lead his client through though trials and arraignments through a winning case. Both military people and lawyers of all sorts go to school and learn how to be leaders as well as earn spots to a higher leading position.