Oedipus Rex and Aristotle Essay example - 894 Words

The Six Elements of a Tragedy in â€Å"Oedipus Rex† Aristotle’s â€Å"The Poetics† describes the process of a tragedy. It is not the guide per se of writing a tragedy but is the idea’s Aristotle collected while studying tragedies. A tragedy, according to Aristotle, consists of six major points. The first and most important is the plot, which is what all the other points are based on. Such points are: character, language, thought, melody, and spectacle (Aristotle). A prime example of the usage of these parts in a tragic drama is evident in Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus Rex†. The plot of a tragedy usually consists of a tragic hero’s fall from grace. Aristotle describes plot in two ways a simple plot and a complex one. In a simple plot a fall from†¦show more content†¦Oedipus flaw is he does not know who he is this ignorance leads to him bringing about his own downfall. Next on the list of elements of a drama is thought. Th e element thought is used to support character and is evident in the speeches’ of the characters (Aristotle). These speeches reveal the thoughts and feelings of the character; further allowing the reader to develop a relationship with the character. In â€Å"Oedipus Rex† thought is illustrated in the speech Oedipus makes when he realizes the truth about his situations. Language, or diction, is fourth on the list of a tragedy major points. Aristotle points out that metaphors are the most useful form of language in a tragedy. The main metaphor portrayed in â€Å"Oedipus Rex† is that of sight and blindness. The king things he sees all but in reality he is blind to the truth. Ironically the only one who can see the truth is the blind seer Teiresias. Oedipus begins the play able to see but is blind and ends the play blind but able to see. The fifth major point in a tragedy is melody. Melody involves the chorus of the drama. Aristotle contends that the cho rus should not be just be an intermission but should add to the plot and character of the tragedy (Aristotle). This is exemplified in â€Å"Oedipus Rex† in lines INSERT BOOK QUOTE. The last and least important element of tragedy is spectacle. Aristotle rates this last because itShow MoreRelatedOedipus Rex900 Words   |  4 PagesThe philosopher Aristotle wrote his work Poetics as a deconstruction of aesthetics approximately 50 years after the death of Sophocles, the author of Oedipus Rex. Aristotle was a great admirer of the works of Sophocles and is said to have considered Oedipus Rex to be the perfect tragedy and the basis for his thoughts in Poetics. He defines tragedy as, â€Å"an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, theRead MoreOedipus Rex as Aristotalian Tragedy1506 Words   |  7 Pagesplaywright, Sophocles modeled his play Oedipus Rex on Aristotles definition a nd analysis of tragedy.Since according to Aristotles definition, A tragedy is an imitation of action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished artistic ornaments, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not narrative with incidents that evokes pity and fear of a persons emotions. Also Aristotle identified the basic six parts a tragedyRead More Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex Fulfills All of the Requirements of a Tragedy1088 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus Rex Fulfills All of the Requirements of a Tragedy Throughout Poetics, Aristotle describes what traits a tragedy must have to be successful. To support these choices, he makes use of a small analysis of many tragedies, including many of Sophocles’ plays; Oedipus Rex is one of the plays mentioned in Aristotle’s Poetics. Some of these traits include a successful plot structure, recognition scenes, and a correct choice for its hero. In Oedipus Rex, Sophocles fulfills all ofRead MoreGreek Mythology And Mythology Of The Iliad, Oedipus Rex And Others1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthey used often in their works; examples of this are seen in the Iliad, Oedipus Rex and others. The existence of Greek mythology and narratives plays a significant role in shaping the arts, most notably dance and performance. It also prompted the Aristotle Poetics that discussed the value of six specific traits in every tragedy. It has even encouraged the usage in other fields of study, the most notably the existence of the Oedipus complex. The inclu sion of different narratives, and symbolisms helpRead MoreThe Three Themes of Oedipus Rex1106 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of Oedipus Rex The contrast between trust in the gods oracles and trust in intelligence and pride plays out in Oedipus Rex. Of course, the irony is, that Oedipuss and the oracles’ methods both lead to the same fallout. Oedipuss hunt for truth reveals just that, and the truth confirms the oracles prophecies. Oedipus kills his father and marries his mother. The irony is that the reader knows this from the very start of this Greek drama. There is also irony in the fact that Oedipus is theRead MoreOedipus Rex Research Paper1035 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus Rex Oedipus Rex is one of the most well written plays. Oedipus Rex has a tragic flaw which leads to his destruction. Oedipus’ flaw leads him to suffer and arouses Pity and Fear from the crowd; Scared that it could happen to them. The Unity of Plot has a beginning, middle and end, along with that Oedipus grows in knowledge about his birthing, but is ignorant for not realizing he brought the problems on Thebes. Oedipus is a confident, wise and strong-willed character, but these characteristicsRead MoreIs Oedipus Rex A High Minded Man?782 Words   |  3 Pages11  October,  2014   Does  Oedipus  fit  the  qualities  of  a  high ­minded  man?      In   Greek   society   entertainment,   like   the   theatre,   was   an   enormous   part   of   many   lives.   Theatre   represented   a   culture   and   values   found   in   Greek   society.   Theatre   was   also   a   way   for   many   different   of   people   to   enjoy   similar   things,   despite   being   from   different   classes.   ​ Oedipus   Rex   was   one   of   the   major   plays   shown   in   Greek   society.   Sophocles’   Oedipus   Rex   ​ tells   the   hardship  Read MoreOedipus Rex As Tragedy : The Philosopher Must Be Crazy845 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Rex as Tragedy: The Philosopher Must Be Crazy Throughout the ages many scholars have agreed with Aristotle s assessment of Oedipus Rex (the Athenian tragedy written by Sophocles) as the truest form of tragedy; however, modern viewers might remark that it is unworthy of such praise and instead should be exemplified as the proof that an addition to Aristotle s ideal of tragedy itself is required: the element of timelessness. Throughout history, many have believed that man s ability to produceRead MoreEssay on The Heart of Tragedy Based on Oedipus Rex600 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Ancient Greek period, Aristotle, a great philosopher, wrote a book called the Poetics to describe what makes a great tragic play. Using the Oedipus Rex by Sophocles as the basis for his book, Aristotle goes into great detail about plot, character, and much more, breaking up the components of a tragedy. Since Oedipus Rex had a huge part in the creation of Aristotle’s book, it fulfills many of the Greek philosopher’s requirements for a tragic p lay. According to Aristotle, plot is one of the mostRead MoreOedipus Rex As Modern Tragedy : Catharsis Or Cognitive Emotion883 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Rex as Modern Tragedy: Catharsis or Cognitive Emotion Oedipus Rex, an Athenian tragedy written by Sophocles, tells the tale of a noble king brought low by a serious of harrowing events set in motion by the Gods and unwittingly furthered by the actions of the king. Aristotle believed that Oedipus Rex was the prime example of the tragedy; however, modern readers might entertain that the play is unworthy of such praise. In this paper I will put forth the argument that Oedipus Rex, though heartfelt

Gender Development Biological, Interpersonal, Cultural...

There are many assumptions on how one develops a specific gender identity. These theories although very different, only explain a fraction of what gender development truly is. Not one theory can explain the ultimate reason of how one develops gender and what it means to be considered a part of the male or female sex. These different theories that will be compared in this paper complement each other by focusing solely on the interaction in terms of culture and communication within the different sexes. As the theories are discussed, one may come to realize how well they mend together while providing a descriptive reason on how people become gendered. There are four distinct types of gender development: biological, interpersonal, cultural and critical. All these aspects of gender development carry a number of theories within their category that help contribute to the process of becoming gendered. Although these theories are very different, they are also very similar in how they help cre ate an overall understanding of gender. The first theory that will be discussed will be that of the Biological Theory. This theory states that characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, and parts of the brain contribute to the difference between man and woman. Most males have an XY chromosome pattern and females usually have the XX chromosome pattern due to the fact that they get an X chromosome from each parent. As you know, estrogen is the primary female hormone. Estrogen strengthens theShow MoreRelatedGender Theory Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Gender Theory The textbook identifies four approaches to gender development: biological, interpersonal, cultural, and critical. Define each theory. Then answer the following question: which of the theoretical approaches to gender do you find the most valid? Be sure to include at least two examples from your own experience as well as two scholarly sources to back up your claim. Gender plays a signifigant roles in our every day lives. Gender determines whetherRead MoreInterpersonal And Critical Theoretical Approach For Gender Development847 Words   |  4 PagesGender, which is â€Å"a classification that society makes, and for most people it endures† (Wood, 2015) can be observed through four different, theoretical perspectives. Those theoretical perspectives are biological, interpersonal, cultural, and critical. Although all of these theories differ from one another, they all revolve around gender development. The three theories that I’m going discuss are a part of the interpersonal and critical theoretical approach to gender development. The interpersonalRead MoreAlcohol Misuse Of Alcoholic Misuse1441 Words   |  6 Pagesused. For this critical essay the argument put forth will be enhanced by the ideals of Type I and Type II alcoholic misuse quantified by Higley Bennet (1999). Type I entails the alcohol misuse being the main instigator of anxiety and situational stress, whereas Type II complies with users experiencing impulse control issues promoted by biological tendencies. These two types of alcohol exploitation are the main reasons the continual misuse of alcoholic substances occurs. This critical essay intendsRead MoreChapter Questions On Gender And Gender Equality1724 Words   |  7 PagesCOM335 Chapter 1-4 Chapter 1 answers In reading chapter one I found that the definition of gender isn’t really what sex you were born, it is more the sex that you associate yourself with. If you feel that you are female but you were born a male then going by the text your gender would be female. Society tends to group gender by physical looks and not what a person feels they are. I personally feel that gender is what the person feels that they are. If they think they are female, but physically theyRead MoreEssay Gender Theory1950 Words   |  8 PagesGender Theory Gender Theories can be related to a person’s emotional stability, status in society, work ethics and most important their ability to relate to others. As the sources of text, personal experience, research books, articles and websites are used to explain the importance of male and female communication, in itself it is only a theory based on the historical and internal learning that influence me as a student (Wood, 2011). In the end, the theory that best describes my gender characteristicRead MoreEarly Exposure Of Foreign Literature1425 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribing social climate and conditions to using satires to bring about desired adjustments, literature has played a very important role in the development of social attitudes. Albrecht’s 1954 essay on the relationship between literature and society sums it up perfectly; literature not only acts as a reflection of society but also has an influence on cultural ideals and social stability. In this study, the aim is to concentrate on early exposure to foreign literature, that is, literature in a languageRead MoreThe Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations1613 Words à ‚  |  7 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychologyRead MoreArticle Reviews on Family, Society, Human Behavior, and Sexuality4652 Words   |  19 Pagesï » ¿ARTICLE REVIEW18 ARTICLE REVIEW 18 Abstract The preceding paper contains 15 article reviews. The article reviews are on the following topics; cultural variations, marital choice, changing gender roles, internal social processes, communication, normal family stresses, prenatal; infancy, early and middle childhood, adolescence, sexual behaviors, family planning, influence on relationships, self and others, communication skills and relating to others. Article Review 1.FAMILIES IN THE SOCIETY Read MoreCorrelation Between Masculinity and Empathy Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesacross various personality tests at some stage or another, which ask you lots of questions and then analyze your results in trying to categorize what kind of personality youve got. One of the most fascinating aspects of personality is the issue of gender roles in our personalities. One would expect men generally have more masculine traits than feminine ones, and women tend to have more feminine traits than masculine ones. Sandra L. Bem (1974), a psychologist, developed a personality test known asRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Social And Social Theory2521 Words   |  11 Pagessaturated by gender perceptions and expectations. At a very young age, children are capable of observing social behaviors. As they age, children are able to cognitively process and draw conclusions on how they should behave according to these observations (Bussey and Bandura, 1999). There are many theories that attempt to explain why gender stereotypes may hold true or at the very least impact our social interactions within Western culture. Sociological theories maintain that gender is entirely a

The Main Contributions from Greek Society Essay - 572 Words

The Greek civilization was the first European civilization. At this point in time religion is not prevalent or influential. The European religion was borrowed from the Middle East. There are two main contributions from the Greek civilization. They were politics and secular. Polis the Greek word for city state is where politics came from. They had modern politics with the first democracy. It was divided into city-states that rule themselves in a democratic fashion. With this they have the majority vote. Secular was the non-religious way of looking at things. It was based on assumptions that human beings can use their own mental power to grasp the world they are living in. The first two Greek civilizations were the Minoan civilization and†¦show more content†¦These types of education were carried on as one of the many Ancient Greek legacies, and are still used and studied today. Another advancement of Ancient Greece was their type of government. Each city-state, like every cou ntry today, had different cultures/views, and, therefore, had different types of governments. However, most of Ancient Greece had a democracy, which is a type of government where every citizen has a say in important decision-making. Ancient Greeks practiced oppression specifically on women and slaves. Back then, women had few rights and were considered ‘necessary’ only for the sole purpose of bearing men. The optimal Greek family during the time would have been made up of a husband, wife, many male children, and little to no female children, as they were viewed as a burden. In places like Athens, parents did not want girls since they were of little use to them, and males were considered more important than females. For instance, in Athens 20% of newborn girls were abandoned in places like garbage dumps. In addition, women did not have a say in anything, and did not have many rights and freedom. In conclusion, regionalism, inequality, and advancement best define Ancient Greece. In Ancient Greece, men were superior to women and slaves. Men were of higher importance, while women ranked lower on the social class. Slaves were also treated unfairly, and were brutally harmed by people of a higher social class. In addition, Greece was advanced with theirShow MoreRelatedAthenian Democracy : A Democratic System1320 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the dawn of the Greek civilization, rulership consisted of one king that rule the entire occupied land. Such system included only family members, tribe members, and wealthy individuals to receive whatever good the empire had to offer. It took many years until new reforms came about in regards of rulership. The Athenian democracy was developed by the efforts of the leaders and philosophers who were encouraged to think and answer the why freely. Although it was called a democratic system, onlyRead MoreAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pages The impact greek and roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’sRead MoreGreek And Roman Comparisons And Contributions1698 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Comparisons and Contributions Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome are responsible for many facets in today’s world. In fact, when reviewing history, the Greeks and Romans are sometimes confused with one another. There are many shared traditions, but yet there are many differences between the two. The countries are both Mediterranean, however they had different social class structures, different mythology, and placed different values on life. Ancient Greece was vibrant in the fifthRead MoreEssay on The Roman and Grecian Effects on Society1261 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many areas in today’s society that reflect empires from early in human history. Much influence can be found from the Roman and Grecian empires, more than from any other sources. The basic forming of our own government can be traced back to the ideals that formed the Roman and Greek governments, paying attention their strengths and also to what caused the demise of those societies as well. (teachergenius.teachtci.com) Let us examine the Roman influences and facts first. Roman GovernmentalRead More Greeks and romans Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pages Three ancient civilizations contributed most to Western society. These ancient cultures were the Romans, Greeks, and Judeo-Christians. Although all three had a major impact on our life today in areas such Philosophy, Art, Architecture, Education, Military, Family Life, Government, and many more, it is evident that the Roman civilization has impacted Western Society beyond the other two. But to come to this conclusion you must first look at all aspects of life of all three cultures. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreTheater in Ancient Greece1631 Words   |  7 Pagesinventions of the ancient Greeks, there have been a few that have specifically impacted modern day life for the better. Many of the things that are taken for granted today can be accredited to the intellectual minds of the people of ancient Greece. Our complicated plumbing and sewage systems that manage sanitation in most of the cities in the world have their roots in ancient society. The earliest concept of the crane was also developed during this time. Every successful society thrived on expansion,Read MoreHum100 - Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome1237 Words   |  5 PagesArtistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome It is hard to think of the ancient world without looking at the Greek and Roman empires. Although similar, the Greek and Roman empires are two different cultures. They existed from 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. (Fiero, 2006). One constant in both cultures was their pursuit of perfection in their art and architecture. This paper will examine this pursuit of perfection in both cultures and how their impact is felt in the modern age. One of the mostRead MoreWomen And Roman Religion And Its Impact On Society Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe female role in Greek and Roman religion and its impact on society Throughout the ancient world, the aspects to which a successful society thrive under have been skewed, except for that of religion. Although a universal religion has never been adopted, most empires tend to follow a basic outline similar to one another. In relation to Greeks and Romans, this ideology still holds true. Religion between these two societies have had their differences, but for the most part they have kept the sameRead MoreGreek American Ethnicity Among Age Cohorts Under Changing Condition1389 Words   |  6 PagesConstantinou and Milton Harvey’s â€Å"The persistence of Greek American Ethnicity among Age Cohorts under changing condition† in comparison to Elizabeth Chacko and Ivan Cheung â€Å"The formation of Contemporary ethnic enclaves†. In the reading of the Greek community the examination and changing across the generation of Greek American ethnicity is the major theme and objective. Through a historical perspective, this chapter represents the history of Greek American immigration, waves of immigration, spatialRead MoreThe Mathematics Of A Large Nutshell959 Words   |  4 Pagesmathematical culture of different societies in history. The section â€Å"The History of Mathematics in a Large Nutshell† provides an interesting discussion of Greek mathematics. The mathematics of the culture both influenced and was influenced by the culture of the society. The Greeks were most likely the most important historical society in the Western world. They spread their vast knowledge and affected the mathematical traditions of the world. According to Greek historians, their mathematical pursuits

Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder - 1815 Words

Introduction Lithium is the medication most extensively used to treat the mania and depression of Bipolar I. However, due to the high incidence of inadequate preventive response, as well as a host of undesirable side effects and a narrow therapeutic index, health care providers have sought other mood stabilizing medications for either monotherapy or use with Lithium. One such medication is Carbamazepine, used either in monotherapy or in combination with other medications. While pharmacotherapy is classically used to treat Bipolar I Disorder, health care providers are finding that psychosocial treatments can assist in more effective treatment of some facets of the disease, encouraging patient collaboration, participation and education, which ultimately may enhance long-term mood stabilization, occupational and social functioning, and quality of life. Body: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder, including Parameters and Strength of Evidence Supporting Treatment. Lithium is the medication most extensively used to treat the mania and depression of Bipolar I. Marketed under the brand names of Eskalith or Lithobid (Martin, 2011), Lithium is often prescribed as maintenance therapy due to its highly-reported success in reducing the frequency/severity of mania, preventing mania, lessening depression and reducing the risk of suicide (Wyatt, 2011). What is more, researchers have found that the earlier Lithium is used, the higher the reduction of morbidity amongShow MoreRelatedBipolar Dissorder: A Brief Summary Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe event of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. Records have shown that this problem can appear in almost anyone. It is clear that in our social world many people live with bipolar disorder. Regardless of the number of people suffering from the disease, we are still waiting for an explanation regarding the causes and cure. One fact of which we are aware, is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational successRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1062 Words   |  5 Pagesthough bipolar disorder affects only a small percent of the population in the United States, this disorder is associated with several burdens. Bipolar disorder does not only affect the diagnosed individual, but their relatives also. In addition, people with this disorder are at high risk of attempting suicide. Thus, it is crucial that these people are compliant with their treatments. Treatment for this disorder has been evolving over the years. Many people have heard of bipolar disorder, but oftenRead More Bipolar Disorder and the Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder and the War on Drugs Bipolar disorder, also known as, manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that results in unusual shifts in a persons mood, energy, and ability to function. More than two million American adults (or, about one per cent of the population aged eighteen and older in any given year) are afflicted by this affective disorder (1). Yet, because it cannot be revealed by a blood test or other physiological means, patients may suffer for years before it isRead MoreDifferences Between Disorders1129 Words   |  5 Pages1. Distinguish between bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder using DSM-5 criteria. (485) Before answering the question let’s see what each term means. Bipolar disorder is a disorder that is marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Unipolar depression is depression without history of mania (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Dysthymic disorder are mood disorder that are similar to but not as long lasting and less disablingRead MoreExamples Of Psychophamacological Intervention For Bipolar Disorder1310 Words   |  6 PagesIntervention for Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is an affective disorder, as defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), as including both episodes of major depressive disorder and at least one either manic or hypomanic episode in the course of one’s lifetime. Regardless of individual disorder specifiers, or the distinction between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders, it is a recurrent disorder that requires long-term psychopharmacology as the main source of treatment to prevent conditionRead MoreThe Imperfect Science Of Diagnosing And Treating Bipolar Disorder1558 Words   |  7 PagesShaylee Sigler Professor Dahl English 2 The Imperfect Science of Diagnosing and Treating Bipolar Disorder Importance of Individuality Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a life long and potentially fatal illness caused by mood swings of depressive and manic episodes. Bipolar disorder, if not properly treated, could interfere with relationships, a career or school performance, and is the cause in every 1 of 5 suicide deaths. Physicians, as well as the patientsRead MoreEssay on Bi polar disorder1550 Words   |  7 Pages Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this disorder can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder, however, despite the amount of people suffering from it, we are still waiting for explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victimsRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health910 Words   |  4 Pagespercent of American’s suffer with bipolar disorder but, unless you know someone who has the disorder or have it yourself you probably cannot define the disorder. Bipolar disorder is defined as a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out daily tasks by the National Institute of Mental Health. Or that is what the current definition for bipolar disorder is. Alan C. Swann in his article What is Bipolar Disorder says that we are far from a rigorousRead MoreBipolar Depression : A Difficult And Diverse Mood Disorder1258 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder could be described as a difficult and diverse mood disorder, witch could be defined by the amount of depressive, manic, hypomanic, and mixed episodes. Aretaeus of Cappadocia had been the first to practice and have the best information on bipolar depression in the medical field during the 1st Century in Greece. His notes between mania and depression had been overlooked for a very long time. Greeks and Romans were responsible for the terms mania and melancholia, which now mean manicRead MoreTreatments For Bipolar II Disorder Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesTreatments for bipolar II disorder target any of the three types of factors that I mentioned last. The neurological, psychological, and social factors and the effects of any successful treatment extend to all three of these factors (Rosenberg Kosslyn, 2011). Although few studies have been done on the efficiency and safety of pharmacological treatments for bipolar II disorder the neurological factors are usually treated with a type of mood stabilizer, which is a medication that minimize s mood swings

The World War I And The Great War - 1143 Words

World War 1, also known as the â€Å"Great War† was a long, bloody war that raged on from 1914 until 1919 between many smaller European countries, Germany, Great Britain, Russia, Turkey, Italy, France, China and finally the United States. In this paper, I will be examining the causes that led up to this global feud. The three factors that led to the war were Nationalism, Industrialism and Colonialism. However, in order to understand how each of these three factors played a huge role in starting World War 1, one must have some background on each of them. Nationalism can best be described as a sense of pride for a country and when citizens are unified. Nationalism played a very important role in causing World War I because it led to increased competition between the ‘Great Powers’. The Great Powers consisted of Germany, China, France, Great Britain, Russia and the United States. Industrialism is when a country turns to factories and the production of goods as a means of capital. Industrialization came with the early 1900s and the economies in the respective countries became heavily reliant on manufacturing and labor. Increased nationalism and excessive pride led to economic competition. Colonialism is when a larger, wealthier country gains control of an often-smaller country, and serves as a form of government for the country. The increased sense of competition, created a race for who could retain ownership of the most countries. All three of the listed factors go hand in hand.Show MoreRelatedThe Great War : World War I894 Words   |  4 Pages The Great War: World War I World War I, otherwise known as the Great War, began as a small battle that eventually developed into a prodigious uproar between several countries. WWI’s beginnings are controversial and historians throughout the world have several theories about the destructive event. Said to be one of the most disastrous and ruinous struggles between nations, The Great War lasted from July 1914 until November 1918. Referred to as a World War because of the global participation andRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1472 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War I was usually suggested to as The Great War. The war began sometime in 1914 and lasted four years, ending in 1918. America endorsed, in this era, a great amount of devastation. Throughout those four years alone approximately nine million casualties occurred and in addition millions more were mutilated, grief-stricken, handicapped, or traumatized. World War I is referred to by some, the first catastrophe, man-made, of the twentieth century. Many historians continue to contemplate the essentialRead MoreThe Great War Of World War I1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great War also considered to be World War I, although not initially named that due to not knowing that there would have been a second one. The war lasted from 1914-1918 and was one of the most violent wars known to history. Before war broke out many of these countries were flourishing economically and wanting to advance their country. During this time period many of the countries were unified and if there was one country that were to engage in war with one then it would cause a major war. ARead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1004 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War I or the Great War as it became known, occurred due to many causes, some of which are still unknown. The obvious trigger was the assassination of the heir to the AustriaHungarian throne archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie on the twenty-eighth of June 1914. But a great portion of the cause dealt with past disputes between the Great Powers and such aggressive principles as Nationalism: the strong feeling of pride and devotion to one s country, Imperialism: the domination of one countryRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1249 Words   |  5 PagesWhenever you come across World War I, don’t you ever deeply think about how it all started? Who would have known that just 2 pulls of a trigger could have triggered a demoralizing World War? World War I, also known as â€Å"The Great War,† was a war that primarily took place in Europe. It officially started on the 28th of July in 1914 and it unexpectedly lasted until the 11th of November in 1918 (about 4 years). The most predominant countries that fought in this war include Great Britain, France, RussiaRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1147 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective of being the First World War, it truly lived to the name of â€Å"The Great War†. While no war is ever simple, this one was very complex for its time. It was a vast war with a revolutionary impact on military advances. The end result of the war, catastrophic. It was a conflict on a global scale that later involved over thirty nations. If anything it was a war on politics, and really illuminates what poor political stamina can result in. With all of this in mind the question stands, â€Å"What madeRead MoreThe Great War And World War I Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesBetween 1914 and 1918, many of the worlds leading countries were neck to neck in a bloody and gruesome battle known as the Great War or World War I. The United States practiced its policy of isolationism, a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other countries. However, in April 1917 the United States officially entered the war. Although the United States only fought in two battles, at St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne, the fighting took a heavy toll on American lives. In anRead MoreThe World War I And The Great War1560 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War One , also known as the Great War was a global war fought between the allied powers and the central powers from July 1914 to November 1918. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand led to the outbreak of world war one. Franz Ferdinand was the arch duke of Austrian-Hungarian Empire and was considered as the heir of the Empires monarchy throne. However there was many other factors that caused world war one. Alliances which is an agreement be tween two or more countries which gives help if oneRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom this 20th century time period under the influence of mass media. World War I, or the Great War, was one of the bloodiest wars of all time. It was a war sparked by militarism, alliance, imperialism, and nationalism. However it’s affliction laid the groundwork for post war prosperity. Nearly all social classes felt its benefits. Workers rights improved, taxes were lowered, technology advanced, and industry boomed. The war was brutal and the roaring twenties were a chance for the United StatesRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1509 Words   |  7 Pagespower. World War I, also known as the Great War was the outcome of many tensions and a sequence of calamitous incidents that plunged Europe into a disaster zone. Due to the use of the machine gun and trench warfare, most of the war was a battle of attrition between the â€Å"Triple Alliance† and the â€Å"Triple Entente†. Millions of people fought and died in this war, among them thousands of Canadians. There have been many attempts to reconstruct experiences and battles of the First World War in prose

Impact of Low Interest Rate

Question: Demonstration of a clear understanding of the issues. Use of academic models. Clear focussed understanding of a topic. Critical analysis is an important test of the students ability to evaluate business economics concepts. Answer: Introduction Financial market faces challenges and difficulties as there is a variation in the rate of interest. The rate of interest is set by the central bank of a country. They decide whether to pump out money from the economy or to inject money within the economy. They alter the rate of interest in order to control money supply (Bankofengland.co.uk, 2016). The rate of interest has other impacts in the economy. This paper reviews the impact of interest rate with the help of one microeconomic framework and one macroeconomic theory. The interest of British economy has been low since 2009. The paper will focus to review the effect of low interest rate on the economy of United Kingdom. Low Rate of Interest in British Economy Interest rate is the charge of borrowing money. Before, analysing the effects of low rate of interest in United Kingdom, some common effects of low interest rate will be discussed. From the basic microeconomic theory, the change in the behaviour of individual firm or consumer can be analysed. Low rate of interest encourages the firms to hold more capital. In order to acquire more capital, the desire for loanable fund increases. In contrast, when the interest rate is high, less capital will be demanded and this will in turn lower the demand for borrowing. Hence, the demand for loanable money is inversely related to the interest rate. The curve is hence downward sloping. Similarly when the interest rate is higher, the lender finds it more attractive to lend fund, as he will get more in return. Therefore, the supply of loanable fund rises. When the yield rate is lower, the lender is less likely to lend fund. As a result of this the supply of loanable fund decreases. Therefore, the amoun t of loanable fund in directly related to the interest rate. The curve is hence upward sloping. The demand and supply curves for the available loanable money are represented in the following diagram. Figure 1: Demand and Supply of Loanable Fund Now, the paper will review macroeconomic effect of low rate of interest. Macroeconomic theory of interest rate develops from microeconomic idea. However, in this case, the economy is considered as a whole. Hence, the effect of interest rate can be described with the help of the macroeconomic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The constituents of aggregate demand are: Consumption; government expenditure; investment and net trade surplus. This can be represented in the following equation: AD = Consumption (C) + Government Expenditure (G) + Investment + (Export Import). Investment is a negative function of interest rate. When the rate of interest rises, the investor does not invest much. When the rate of interest is lower, the investors are encouraged to invest. Since, investment is one of the components of Aggregate demand, therefore a change in interest rate indirectly affect the aggregate demand. When interest rate rises, the aggregate demand falls due to fall in the in vestment (Kiley 2012). Similarly, when rate of interest decreases the aggregate demand rises due to an increase in the investment. This can be represented in the following diagram. Figure 2: Effect of Interest on Aggregate Demand From the above diagram, it can be said that when interest rate is low, collective demand curve moves to the right. When the interest rate is high, aggregate demand curve moves to the left. Apart from variation in the aggregate demand, the yield rate also alters the price level in the economy. As observed in the above diagram, the low rate of interest leads to a rise in the inflation rate; and in contrast the high interest rate keeps price level low. Based on the above theories, the paper will analyse the impact of low interest rate on British economy over last seven years. Since, March 2009, the rate of interest at UK reached a record low level of 0.5% (Swanson and Williams 2014). This level is constant till the date. The following diagram represents the trend in rate of interest rate at UK economy., Figure 3: Interest rate in United Kingdom Source: Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 The economy of UK is affected by the low rate of interest in number of ways, as follows: Prior to global crisis, the interest rate was quite high in the economy of UK, and duo to the crisis, it has fallen significantly. During 2009, it cut back its rate of interest to a record low and since then GDP of UK has improved. This is due to the fact that, low interest has incresed the aggregate demand, as a result of which more goods and services are produced in the economy and thus GDP of the nation has increased. Hence it has stimulated the economic growth. This is repressented in the following diagram. Figure 4: GDP in United Kingdom Source : Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 Another impact of low interest rate in the economy of UK is that, housing prices at this country has risen rapidly. This is because the low interest rate made it more beneficial to buy assets. The rise in demand for assets has increased price of the assets faster than the increase in the wage of the UK economy. The low cost of borrowing has inflated the housing price bubble in UK economy (Ferrero2015). This has increased the wealth but it is troublesome for the first time buyer of houses. The low interest rate has decreased the return from nominal savings that is almost close to zero. Hence, people are less likely to save. But some rate of saving is necessary for future. The young generation tends to save less, which might affect them during the time of retirement. More over the low saving rate also affected the investment, as without a flow of savings investment cannot be funded (Balassa 2013). However, the low rate of interest helps the bank to improve its balance sheet and its capacity to spend. However, the low rate reduced the availability of mortgages. So even if the demand for borrowing is high but bank cannot provide loan due to lack of deposits (Sentance, 2015). The unemployment rate is inversely related to the rate of inflation. A low rate of interest leads to rise in the price level, which will reduce the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate started to decline in this economy. The Bank of England might revise the rate of interest if it thinks that the low rate of interest is causing the inflation rate to rise. Hence, to control inflation in the economy the central bank of this country can raise the interest rate. By reducing inflation rate the country can accelerate the unemployment rate. Hence, before taking such decision, the central bank will analyse its consequences. It was stated by the Bank of England that once the unemployment rate comes below 7% they will raise the rate of interest (Pwc.blogs.com, 2015). But in the British economy, in spite of low interest rate of interest the inflation is controlled. Rather the rate was negative during 2015. This situation is called deflation, where the output of the economy tends to fall (Blanchard, Furceri,and Pescatori 2014). Therefore, to maintain a growth of the economy, the Bank of England will continue to keep its interest at a low level. Moreover, if the Bank of England raises the interest rate for the fir st time since the economic crisis, it is expected to give an adverse shock to the confidence of the British economy. The low rate of interest encourages the consumer to buy more, this will increase the import of the nation, and this will lead to fall in current account. It is evident that the low rate of interest has adversely affected the current account of the British economy, which is represented in the following diagram. Figure 5: Current Account in United Kingdom Source: Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 The current account has been negative in the economy of UK. This negative balance can be considered as a contribution of the low rate of interest. Hence, in this respect it can be expected from the central bank of this nation, to increase the interest rate. Moreover, the lower interest rate causes the currency of the country to depreciate; this makes the export more competitive. The higher is the rate of interest, the stronger will be the currency. In contrast, the lower interest rate weakens the currency of the country. Hence, if the Bank of England wants to depreciate the currency it can lower the rate of interest and if it wants to appreciate its currency, it will raise the rate of interest. The higher value of the currency will attract the foreign investment, as investor would like to invest in a country where the currency is strong. Similarly, lower interest rate will discourage the foreign investors as the domestic currency is not strong. Therefore, in some cases, the low inter est rate attributed positively in the economy of UK, and in some cases, it faces difficulties. Therefore, the Bank of England will act according to the severity of the effect. Conclusion The above discussion focuses on the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of low rate of interest. The low rate of interest has been persisting in the UK economy for considerable years. It has affected the British economy in several ways. The role of bank of England has been discussed in controlling the impact of low interest rate. It is the only governing body that can directly change the rate of interest and control the economic performances (Chan, 2015). References Balassa, B., 2013. The effects of interest rates on savings in developing countries.PSL Quarterly Review,43(172). Bankofengland.co.uk., 2016.How does monetary policy work? | Bank of England. [online] Available at: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/pages/how.aspx [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Blanchard, O.J., Furceri, D. and Pescatori, A., 2014. A prolonged period of low real interest rates?.Secular stagnation: facts, causes and cures, p.101. Chan, S., 2015.Who sets UK interest rates?. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/bank-of-england/11755220/Who-sets-UK-interest-rates.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Ferrero, A., 2015. House price booms, current account deficits, and low interest rates.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,47(S1), pp.261-293. Kiley, M.T., 2012. The aggregate demand effects of short-and long-term interest rates. Pwc.blogs.com. 2015 .The risks of keeping interest rates so low - Economics in business. [online] Available at: https://pwc.blogs.com/economics_in_business/2015/11/the-risks-of-keeping-interest-rates-so-low.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Sentance, A. 2015.The perils of keeping interest rates so low. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11980311/The-perils-of-keeping-interest-rates-so-low.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Swanson, E.T. and Williams, J.C., 2014.Measuring the effect of the zero lower bound on medium-and longer-term interest rates(No. w20486). National Bureau of Economic Research. Tradingeconomics.com. 2016.United Kingdom Current Account to GDP | 1980-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/current-account-to-gdp [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Tradingeconomics.com. 2016.United Kingdom GDP | 1960-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/gdp [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Tradingeconomics.com. 2016.United Kingdom Interest Rate | 1971-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/interest-rate [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016].

Applied Hospitality

Question: Write an essay on Emirate business model. Answer: Introduction The heart of the commercial success of Emirate Airlines is their solo Emirate business model. The main ingredients of this strategy are a lean workforce, which contributes low cost carrier and the use of a flat organizational structure that allow the Emirate Airline in order to maintain low overhead costs. Based on the analysis of Grimme (2011), it is found that Emirate Airlines is second only to the Ryanair due to its lower operating costs (based on Dubai economy). This low operating cost enables Emirate Airlines to serve secondary destinations profitability by connecting these through its global hub in Dubai. The airlines giant of Middle East Emirate Airlines started their journey in 1985. Till 1985 the Emirate Airlines offers their services alone and has not joined with any airline alliance. The Emirate Airlines is a part of Emirates Group that is under the complete authorization of the Government of Dubai. This is the largest airlines group of Middle East, which operates more tha n 3400 flights in every week. This company has developed a brand name, which is popular worldwide. The goals of the Emirates Airlines are to reach on top by excelling what they do. On the other hand, the mission of the Emirate Airlines is to exist and deliver the world's best flight service. The vision of Emirate Airlines is to make civil aviation safe, leading and sustainable. According to Demil Lecocq (2010), it is recognized that Emirate Airlines operates an all-wide body fleet, which is largely composed of Boeing 777s and Airbus A380s. The service of the all-wide body also results contributing to lower unit costs in comparison with other large airlines services that provide a mixed service of wide and narrow body fleets. According to Bergstrm et al. (2011), it is found, unlike other international airports Dubai International Airport does not have any restrictions on the night flight schedule. Therefore, Emirates managed to achieve better utilization of its airline's services th an their competitors. From the survey it is also recognized that this Airlines service has a lower staff cost than that of the longer-established competitors. According to (Nyarko, 2010), there are no unions; therefore, the occurrence of labour unrest is a rare incident for Emirate Airlines. Therefore, it can be said that the Emirate Airlines is more advantageous position than that of the rival companies. Therefore, it is significant to analyze the airlines service strategy used by the Emirate Airlines. Following is the brief of the marketing strategy of the Emirate Airlines, which will be helpful to find out the steps, which taken by the Emirate Airlines to survive in the international market. Discussion The Emirate Airlines is a well known brand name, and their customer satisfaction rate is higher than any other competitor airlines services (OConnell, 2011). However, while analyzing the growing market of Emirate Airlines in New Zealand, it is found that this airline still has some tangible goals that need to meet. In order to achieve "the Finest in the Sky" position in New Zealand, the Emirate Airlines set their goals, which are as follows- Retain and making improvement in the market share of business class travelers. The increment of market shares from 45% to 55%. Increase companys return on investment Huge promotion of Dubai Tourism International Gate in New Zealand. The top competitors of Emirate Airlines are as follows- Gulf Airlines Air New Zealand Hawaiian Airlines Qantas Airways American Airlines Evaluation of service strategy and service culture In order to grow the market in New Zealand, the Emirate Airlines started a day-night service of their air craft. However, it is important to mention that providing services for 24 hours are not enough to sustain the market competition in New Zealand (Dobruszkes Van, 2011). While analyzing the types of services provided by the Emirate Airlines, it is found that the types of services offered by Emirate Airlines can be divided in to three groups. The services offered y Emirate Airlines are as follows- Cabin First Class Business Class Economy Class Airport Services Self-service kiosks are available at the Dubai International Airport as well as in New Zealand. The passengers can check in between two to forty eight hours before boarding on the plain. This procedure may be performed over the counter or at the lounge within the airport (Alserhan, 2010). Cargo Emirates Sky Cargo started in 1985 and considered as the anchored cargo airline at Dubai International Airport. However, only 5-6 aircraft are available for the service of New Zealand airport. Key Partners: Boeing, Airbus, Government of Dubai, Dubai International Airport, AirLanka, Quantas and Codeshare Agreements. Key activities of Emirates Airlines: Ground Handling, Baggage Handling, Aircraft Maintenance and Passenger Services. Key Resources of Emirates Airlines: Fuel, Labour / Staff Customer Relationships: Skywards, Business Rewards Channels of booking ticker: Online, Airports, Travel Agents. Cost Structure: Fuel, Airport User Charges, Staff / Labour, Taxes, Depreciation and Operations Revenue Streams: Passenger, Cargo, Excess Baggage, destination, and leisure. Target market and stake holders Although Emirates Airlines is considered as one of the best airlines service providers, it is found that this organization is facing several challenges while launching their service in their target market "New Zealand." A target market is a market where a company aims to sell their product as well as services (Schmith, 2010). The identification of the target is not only important but also critical for the growth of business. There are six steps that could be followed by the management authority of Emirates Airlines to determine if New Zealand is an ideal target market or not. Understanding the demand The airlines market in New Zealand is captured by several international organizations, such as Gulf Airlines, Air New Zealand, Hawaiian Airlines, Qantas Airways and American Airlines (Sokol, 2013). However, the charges in these flights are too high. Therefore, the Emirates Airlines has an opportunity to launch their quality service at a lower price in this country. Understanding the customer The customers have different choices based on their religion and cultural background. Although a huge number of people live in New Zealand who belongs to different culture, it is found that the number of these people is relatively lower than Australia, the United Kingdom or the United States (Emirates, 2010). Who will gain the value of this service The stake holders of the Emirates Airlines organization will be beneficial and gain the value of this service (Pickering Weber, 2013). The Emirates Airlines offers importance to their customers as they are the valuable stakeholders of this organization. Market Analysis The New Zealand market is considered as one of the most potential market for the airlines companies. To gain access to this market, the Emirates Airlines needs to perform a proper market analysis. Strength and weakness of the company While launching or improving the service in New Zealand the Emirates Airlines needs to analyze their strength and weaknesses (Michael et al., 2011). There is a high competition level in New Zealand market; therefore, the Emirates Airlines needs to focus on their strengths and mitigate the weaknesses as per the business requirement. The Challenges The Emirates Airlines is considered as one of the best airlines service providers. However, like other airlines services this company is also experiencing several challenges (Gustavo, 203). While launching services in New Zealand, the challenges faced by the Emirates Airlines has also increased. New Zealand is a developed country and the market of airlines services in this country is high. On the other hand, the number of existing competitors in this country is also very high. There are more than five rival companies are providing their services in New Zealand. Apart from the existence of the competitors, the Emirates Airlines is going through an extremely challenging time due to the rise of fuel prices, an increase of government taxes and weak demands. Situational Analysis: The Emirates Airlines is admired widely almost in every country because of their dedication and commitment in every aspect of their business especially the customer satisfaction rate. According to Nataraja Al-Aali (2011), Emirates Airlines developed their service strategies at a level that many other companies envy them. According to Barros Wanke (2015), in 2001 the Emirates Airlines announced: "the largest ever order" for the Boeing 777 aircraft in a deal, which worth USD $9 billion. Competitor Analysis: Although the Emirates Airlines have a long chart of competitors both in New Zealand and in other countries, it is recognized that Etihad Airways is one of the worthiest competitors of the Emirates Airlines. According to Bel Fageda (2010), the Etihad Airways is the considered as the national carrier of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This giant international airlines service provider is also found as the carrier of the Abu Dhabi region. This airlines company currently controls a fleet of 55 aircraft. The Etihad Airways shares a code agreement with 23 other airlines, which may include Jet Airlines, Malaysian Airlines, American Airlines and much more. Unlike Etihad Airways, the Emirates Airline does not have a code of agreement with other airlines companies. Therefore, operating solo in New Zealand is not a very easy task for Etihad Airways. The Etihad Airways is giving a fair competition in New Zealand market. Although the main business of the Etihad Airways is international air trans portation, it is found that this company also have a subdivision, called Etihad Crystal Cargo that controls all of the international goods transportation services. According to Hazledine (2011), the Emirates Airlines held almost the same value as the Etihad Airways, but still over achieved the success for the last 25 years. Apart from Etihad Airways, the other competitors of Emirates Airlines are Gulf Airlines, Air New Zealand, Hawaiian Airlines, Qantas Airways and American Airlines. Collaborators of Emirates Airlines: According to Forsyth (2014), the Emirates Airlines is the single giant organization, ho achieved their success without making ant collaborations or joint ventures, however, it is found from the study of (Bronsvoort et al., 2011), that the Emirates Airlines recently made joint ventures with Qantas Airways, which in turn helped to replace Singapore with Dubai as a stopover to London. Apart from the joint venture with Qantas Airways, the Emirates Airlines also have six subsidiaries that may include emirate Holidays, Emirates Tours, Arabian Adventures, congress Solution International and two others. Target market analysis According to Squalli (2014), several tools can be used to perform target market analysis; however one of the best tools that can be used to analyze target market is market segmentation. The target market is also defined as target consumers, which is a certain cluster of customers with the same or similar needs but with different tastes based on their region or cultural background. Market Segmentation The tool, market segmentation is used to divide the market into four main categories such as demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioral segmentation. After dividing the target, it becomes easier for the management to make several subdivisions, which in turn are helpful to understand consumer demand. After defining the customer demands, the Emirates Airlines can determine their marketing strategy and launch their products in an effective way (Vij Vij, 2012). The demographic segmentation focuses on some specific aspects of the target market such as occupation, gender, sex, age as well as education. According to Bloch (2010), demographic segmentation almost always plays some role in a segmentation strategy. The demographic segmentation is important as it helps to determine the taste or nature of the consumers. The demographic segmentation will be helpful for the Emirates Airlines to determine the charge of their flight tickets as well as other services. On the other hand, the geographic segmentation is helpful to divide market by location. However, it is found that the geographic segmentation is not important in the target market study of Emirates Airlines. On the other hand, the psychographic segmentation is helpful to divide the customers based on lifestyle and culture. It is found that the behavioral segmentation is also helpful to determine the attitude of the customers towards the service offered by Emirates Airlines. Apart from all o f these factors, there are other segmentation criteria that need to be considered while analyzing New Zealand as the potential market for the service offered by Emirates Airlines. These other segmentation criteria may include- Type of the Travellers: Business traveller, traveller on a religious purpose and Leisure traveller, Value: some people value more the convenient flights while others consider price a more significant, Motivation: Various reasons for travelling, Travel Pattern: Frequency, Buying Pattern: online ticket booking or buying ticket from the counter. Apart from these segmentation criteria, the management needs to focus on several other criteria such as Needs and Wants: this may include the primary requirements of the consumers and determine how price sensitive they are (Jang, 2011). Satisfaction is another criterion that needs to be discussed. The satisfaction may include the commitment of the customers towards the Emirates Airlines and the chances of their switching carriers. Based on these criteria the Emirates Airlines will determine the customer segments such as First Class, Business Class, Economy Class and Individuals business. PEST Analysis of Emirates Airlines Political and Legal Environment: According to OConnor Fuellhart (2012), the Emirates Airlines has an agreement with Asian Pacific countries. Apart from this agreement the Emirates Airlines also signed other agreements to facilitate their services as well as the quality of services. According to the study of Ringbeck et al. (2010), it is found that the trades made by the Emirates Airlines have been proved as favorable for the growth of the company. However, in New Zealand, the Emirates Airlines does not have any agreement accept the alliance with Qantas Airways. On the other hand, it is observed that there is less turbulence in the political environment of New Zealand. Therefore, it can be said that the stable political environment s helpful for the business growth of the Emirates Airlines in New Zealand. Economic Environment: According to Cheng et al., (2014), it is recognized that the increment in fuel prices created hurdles for the Emirates Airlines to expand their business in other countries and generate a higher amount of profits. However, it is found from the research study of Al-Ali (2014) that the economy condition of New Zealand is running well. Although, there was an economic turbulence due to the recession from the last couple of years the economy of New Zealand became stronger. The per capita income for the common people of New Zealand is 38,678.41 USD(GDP, 2012). Therefore, it can be said that the chances of business growth in New Zealand for Emirates Airlines are higher. Social and Cultural Environment: According to the study of Alkaabi et al., (2013), The Emirates Airlines so far maintained its cultural and social diversity. They maintained cultural and social diversity through their wide range of services towards the religions, societies and traditions of different countries. The workforces hired by the Emirates Airlines are also diversified based on their cultural and social backgrounds. In New Zealand, the number of people who belongs to different religions is comparably lower than that of Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In addition, the scenic beauty of New Zealand attracts a huge number of tourists from different countries. Therefore, it can be said that the social and cultural environment of New Zealand is favorable for the business growth of Emirates Airlines. Technological Environment: Although the Emirates Airlines installed a lot of modern technologies to enhance the quality service of this airlines company, after analyzing the technologies used by other airlines companies, it can be said that the Emirates Airlines needs to implement more technologies to support their service system. According to Holland (2010), a development in technology can be proved as helpful for the Emirates Airlines to improve the aircraft facilities as well as fuel in order to reduce the wrong impact on the environment due to the Emirates operations. It is found that the company has already spent more than USD 4 million to buy biofuel, which is technically safe for the environment as well as cost effective. Apart from biofuel the Emirates Airlines also invested a huge amount of money to buy new Boeing 747-8F and Airbus A350, which helped them to remain in competitive advantage. Porters Five Analysis The threat of New Customers: New Zealand have lesser barriers for the new companies; therefore, the Emirates Airlines is facing more threat of competitions in New Zealand than in other developed countries. On the other hand, the Emirates Airlines has a high brand value that repeals other competitors. As this organization is a part of the Emirate groups, it has accesses to a large source of capital as oppose to other entrants. In New Zealand, the Emirates Airlines has already established an alliance with Qantas Airways, which is helpful for the entry and expanding business in this country. The bargaining power of the customers: According to Parker (2012), it is recognized that the Emirates Airlines has a buyer volume than any other airlines. On the other hand, this company offered a bargaining leverage towards the customers. This company places different tickets, which include budget and luxury flights for different types of customers. Unlike other airlines companies, the Emirates Airlines can reduce the price of their flight tickets without compromising the quality of their services. According to Schaberg (2012), it is recognized that Emirates Airlines has a higher buyer propensity to charge highly only for luxury services. It is found that this company charges less for the short distance flying, which costs the company more. Therefore, while expanding business in New Zealand, the Emirates Airlines needs to consider the budget allowances for the customers. Bargaining power of the suppliers: There are only two resources for which the Emirates Airlines have to depend on and bargain with the suppliers. According to Aranjo et al. (2012), it is found that the bargaining power of the suppliers is very high as this business depends on only two resources. The Emirates Airlines needs fuels and human resources to carry out their businesses. However, the rising price, as well as crisis of fuel, pushed this company backward; the Emirates Airlines started searching for substitute fuel. Due to the limited supply of alternate fuels (bio fuels) as well as the limited number of suppliers the Emirates Airlines is facing problems to handle bargain of the suppliers. The threat of Substitute services: there are two factors that play a major role to the increasing costs of the company. These two factors are budget and luxury can cause huge price differences. It is recognized that huge price differences have occurred due to service offered by the Emirates Airlines. Competitive rivalry: A total number of 37 airlines are considered as the potential competitor of the Emirates Airlines services. However, in New Zealand, it is found that the number of competitors is only six. There is diversity among the competitors, which may include international flyers, global flyers, and domestic flyers. Fuel and capital costs are identified as the exit barriers. SWOT analysis of Emirates Airlines Strength: The huge brand value of the Emirates Airlines is beneficial for the company. The huge size of the company can also be considered as his strength The Emirates Airlines concentrates more on diversified market The decision of entering in the cargo market made the Emirates Airlines economically stronger than other companies. Weaknesses: Due to high competition, it is difficult to invade and capture New Zealand market. The Emirates Airlines does not offer a better facility towards the budget traveler and middle class. A certain number of diversification and other approaches were failed Opportunity: With the development of hospitality management, the Emirates Airlines have a better opportunity to recruit more staffs who are well trained and are able to provide better quality service. The innovative ideas implemented by the Emirates Airlines are certainly helpful for the growth of the company in New Zealand. Threat: The existing rival companies are the major threats towards the company. The increasing price of fuel is also a major problem for the company. Maintenance of low service charge is affecting the quality of services offered by Emirates Airlines. Marketing strategy of Emirates Airlines As the Emirates Airlines is experiencing strong competition, it is found that this company is growing fast. The Emirates Airlines is aggressively pursuing larger market share in developed countries, especially in New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Market scope concentrates more on the family market segment, which will result in increasing awareness as well as market share. Market Geography: the Emirates Airlines is concentrating to spread their business across the domestic boundary, which may result in increasing growth in market share, profits, and growth in international market, especially in New Zealand. Marketing mix strategy: Product Strategy: the Emirates Airlines is offering special services which are unique and better from the other companies. This step will be helpful to enhance the sales and market share of the company in New Zealand. Pricing Strategy: the Emirates Airlines is offering a better package of services in lower prices than that of the competitors. They are exclusively offering ticket for the children in half price and the children who are under three can enjoy flight for Free. Promotion Strategy: the Emirates Airlines is using common media as well as social media (online) in order to promote their services, which in turn increased their sale from 3% to 5% in New Zealand. Stakeholders contribution According to Holland (2010), the main stakeholders of the Emirates Airlines are customers, shareholders, the government, the employees and the media. It is found that the commitments of the staffs are the key to the increasing reputation and business of the Emirate Group. Without the active involvement of the staffs it was impossible to reach the position where the company now belongs to. On the other hand, the dedication and trust of the shareholders were also very helpful to increase the profitability of this company. Billions of dollars were invested by the shareholders, which were used to develop the infrastructure of the Emirates Airlines. On the other hand, the contribution and the constant support from the government were helpful for the growth of the company. The contribution of the media to to promote the services of Emirates Airlines is also admirable. Customer expectations The Emirates Airlines is renowned for their generous services at low prices. Therefore, the consumers in New Zealand will also expect to receive the same. From the study of Cheng et al. (2014), it is found that the airlines companies, which offer their services in New Zealand, are all expensive. Therefore, it can be said that they are looking forward to use Emirates Airlines services for their less charges. Financial consideration The current revenue of this company increased 13.43% in 2014 from the last year (2013). The operating profit of the Emirates Airlines doubled in the year of 2014. Therefore, it can be said that this company has more in their pouch to enhance their services in New Zealand. The net profit level of Emirates Airlines this year is 41.9%. The profit attributable to the Emirates Owner is +42.53%. Conclusion After reviewing the marketing strategy of the Emirates Airlines and their current position in the international it can be concluded that this company has the potentiality to enhance their business in New Zealand. After SWOT and PEST analysis it is recognized that the Emirates Airlines have the strong economic background and high resources, which is indeed helpful for the growth of the company in this country. On the other hand, it is recognized that level of profit is already high enough to implement new technologies and services in the system. However, the rising price of fuel is a threat for the business, which needs to be handled carefully. Recommendation After reviewing the present status of the Emirates Airlines, the following recommendations can be made to enhance the quality service of the company in New Zealand and enhance their business- The company needs to assess the customer needs in the New Zealand before launching new services The Emirates Airlines needs to assess the current market of New Zealand before launching new services. The Emirates Airlines needs to find out a better substitute of the traditional fuel at lower costs. Reference Al-Ali, H. A., Ahmad, S. Z. (2014). 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